|
Group 2
n=136
|
Transperitoneal
n=64
|
Extraperitoneal
n=72
|
Conventional laparoscopy
n=79
|
Robotic-assisted laparoscopy
n=57
|
Patient characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
Body mass index (kg/m2)
|
29.5 (25.1–34.7)
|
28.3 (24.5–34.9)
|
30 (26.4–34.4)
|
28.7 (24.8–32.9)
|
31 (27.1–35.2)
|
Waist circumference (cm)
|
105 (96–115)
|
104 (96–115)
|
105 (96–115)
|
103 (90–110)
|
107 (100–118)
|
Waist-Hip ratio
|
0.91 (0.86–0.98)
|
0.92 (0.86–0.99)
|
0.90 (0.85–0.97)
|
0.91 (0.84–1.0)
|
0.90 (0.86–0.96)
|
Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) (mm)
|
234 (208–265)
|
234 (208–265)
|
235 (212–265)
|
230 (202–261)
|
246.5 (221–272)
|
Age at surgery (years)
|
66 (61–73)
|
66 (60–74)
|
66 (61–72)
|
67 (61–73)
|
65 (60–73)
|
Comorbidity index a
|
3 (2–4)
|
3 (2–4)
|
3 (2–4)
|
3 (2–4)
|
3 (2–4)
|
FIGO stage
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ia
|
43 (31.6)
|
22 (34.4)
|
21 (29.2)
|
29 (36.7)
|
14 (24.6)
|
Ib
|
33 (24.3)
|
16 (25)
|
17 (23.6)
|
21 (26.6)
|
12 (21.1)
|
II
|
32 (23.5)
|
17 (26.6)
|
15 (20.8)
|
12 (15.2)
|
20 (35.1)
|
IIIa
|
5 (3.7)
|
2 (3.1)
|
3 (4.2)
|
3 (3.8)
|
2 (3.5)
|
IIIb
|
2 (1.5)
|
1 (1.6)
|
1 (1.4)
|
1 (1.3)
|
1 (1.8)
|
IIIc1
|
6 (4.4)
|
1 (1.6)
|
5 (6.9)
|
3 (3.8)
|
3 (5.3)
|
IIIc2
|
14 (10.3)
|
5 (7.8)
|
9 (12.5)
|
9 (11.4)
|
5 (8.8)
|
IVa
|
1 (0.7)
|
0
|
1 (1.4)
|
1 (1.3)
|
0
|
FIGO tumor Grade
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
11 (8.1)
|
6 (9.4)
|
5 (6.9)
|
10 (12.7)
|
1 (1.8)
|
2
|
55 (40.4)
|
24 (37.5)
|
31 (43.1)
|
25 (31.6)
|
30 (52.6)
|
3
|
70 (51.5)
|
34 (53.1)
|
36 (50)
|
44 (55.7)
|
26 (45.6)
|
Lymphovascular space invasion
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes
|
49 (36)
|
23 (36)
|
26 (36.1)
|
29 (36.7)
|
20 (35.1)
|
No
|
87 (64)
|
41 (64)
|
46 (63.9)
|
50 (63.3)
|
37 (64.9)
|
Type of surgery |
|
|
|
|
|
Hysterectomy
|
127 (93.4)
|
60 (93.8)
|
67 (93.1)
|
74 (93.7)
|
53 (93)
|
Unilateral or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
|
128 (94.1)
|
62 (96.9)
|
66 (91.7)
|
74 (93.7)
|
54 (94.7)
|
Pelvic lymphadenectomy
|
132 (97.1)
|
64 (100)
|
68 (94.4)
|
75 (94.9)
|
57 (100)
|
Para-aortic lymphadenectomy
|
125 (91.9)
|
57 (89.1)
|
68 (94.4)
|
72 (91.1)
|
53 (93)
|
Other procedures b
|
49 (36)
|
24 (37.5)
|
25 (34.7)
|
38 (48.1)
|
11 (19.3)
|
Surgical outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
Total operative time (min)
|
270 (240–300)
|
270 (240–300)
|
270 (225–315)
|
285 (240–330)
|
265 (230–295)
|
Para-aortic lymphadenectomy time (min)
|
90 (72–120)
|
90 (75–120)
|
90 (70–120)
|
90 (75–120)
|
90 (70–100)
|
Hematocrit drop c
|
6.6 (4.2–9.4)
|
6.3 (4.1–9.2)
|
6.7 (4.3–9.8)
|
7.2 (4.3–9.8)
|
5.9 (4.2–8.2)
|
Blood transfusion
|
6 (4.4)
|
3 (4.7)
|
3 (4.2)
|
4 (5.1)
|
2 (3.5)
|
Intraoperative complication
|
14 (10.3)
|
9 (14.1)
|
5 (6.9)
|
12 (15.2)
|
2 (3.5)
|
Related to para-aortic lymphadenectomy
|
6 (4.4)
|
4 (6.2)
|
2 (2.8)
|
5 (6.3)
|
1 (1.8)
|
d
|
8 (5.9)
|
5 (7.8)
|
3 (4.2)
|
7 (8.9)
|
1 (1.8)
|
Early postoperative complication
|
36 (26.5)
|
15 (23.4)
|
21 (29.2)
|
21 (26.6)
|
15 (26.3)
|
Related to para-aortic lymphadenectomy
|
2 (1.5)
|
1 (1.6)
|
1 (1.4)
|
2 (2.5)
|
0
|
d
|
11 (8.1)
|
7 (10.9)
|
4 (5.6)
|
7 (8.9)
|
4 (7)
|
Late postoperative complication
|
23 (16.9)
|
8 (12.5)
|
15 (20.8)
|
15 (19)
|
8 (14)
|
Related to para-aortic lymphadenectomy
|
1 (0.7)
|
0
|
1 (1.4)
|
0
|
1 (1.8)
|
d
|
13 (9.6)
|
6 (9.4)
|
7 (9.7)
|
7 (8.9)
|
6 (10.5)
|
Incomplete para-aortic lymphadenectomy
|
20 (14.7)
|
12 (18.8)
|
8 (11.1)
|
11 (13.9)
|
9 (15.8)
|
Laparoscopy conversion e
|
16 (11.8)
|
3 (4.7)*
|
13 (18.1)*
|
8 (10.1)
|
8 (14)
|
Surgical morbidity f
|
52 (43.7) |
25 (44.6) |
27
(42.9) |
33 (48.5) |
19 (37.3) |