2.1 | Samples
All specimens of Sichuan B. schroederi population were collected
from the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) with naturally
acquired infections from the China Conservation and Research Center for
Giant Panda. Samples of Qinling B. schroederi population were
obtained from the intestines of individuals who died after wild panda
rescues in the Foping National Nature Reserve (Qinling Mountains)
failed. Roundworms were washed extensively in sterile physiological
saline (37 oC), sexes separated, snap-frozen and
transport with dry ice and then stored at -80 oC until
use. Several specimens were stored in RNA preservation solution for
transcriptome sequencing. All experimental designs and nematodes
handling were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use
Committee of Northeast Forestry University.