FIGURE and TABLE CAPTIONS
Figure 1 The study site and the distribution of 4 vineyards within this region. A, Cabernet Sauvignon (CS). B, Merlot (M).C, Chardonnay (C). D, Italian Riesling (IR). Soil samples from CS, M, and C vineyards were collected from Huida Chateau, while IR vineyard soil samples were collected from the Xiaojiayao winegrapes planting area.
Figure 2 Venn diagrams demonstrating the shared and unique bacterial and fungal sequences associated with different land-use patterns. (a), bacteria; (b), fungi. CS, Cabernet Sauvignon; M, Merlot; C, Chardonnay; IR, Italian Riesling; DL, desert land.
FIGURE 3 The relative abundance of major bacterial and fungal taxonomic groups at the phylum level across the five land-use types. (a), bacteria; (b), fungi. CS, Cabernet Sauvignon; M, Merlot; C, Chardonnay; IR, Italian Riesling; DL, desert land.
FIGURE 4 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination for soil bacterial and fungal communities associated with different land-use types. (a), bacteria; (b), fungi. CS, Cabernet Sauvignon; M, Merlot; C, Chardonnay; IR, Italian Riesling; DL, desert land.
FIGURE 5 Hierarchical clustering analysis of bacterial and fungal community structure. The panel on the right is a stacked histogram of the top 10 most abundant genera. (a), bacteria; (b), fungi. CS, Cabernet Sauvignon; M, Merlot; C, Chardonnay; IR, Italian Riesling; DL, desert land.
FIGURE 6 Taxonomic hierarchical relationships from the phylum to species level in bacterial and fungal communities. Node sizes correspond to average relative taxa abundance. Hollow nodes correspond to taxa for which there were no significant differences between groups, whereas colored nodes correspond to taxa that differed significantly between groups, with a higher abundance in grouped samples corresponding to a given color. Letters correspond to the names of the taxa that differed significantly between groups. (a), bacteria; (b), fungi. CS, Cabernet Sauvignon; M, Merlot; C, Chardonnay; IR, Italian Riesling; DL, desert land.
FIGURE 7Redundancy analysis (RDA) of chemical parameters associated with the five land-use types. (a), bacteria; (b), fungi. TN, total nitrogen; TP, total phosphorus; TK, total potassium; SOC, soil organic carbon.
TABLE 1 Soil properties associated with different land-use types
Notes: Values are mean ± standard deviation (n = 3); different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among different land-use types based on a one-way ANOVA followed by a Duncan test. P values less than 0.05 indicate significance and are in italics. Abbreviations: CS, Cabernet Sauvignon; M, Merlot; C, Chardonnay; IR, Italian Riesling; DL, desert land. TN, total nitrogen; TP, total phosphorus; TK, total potassium; SOC, soil organic carbon.
TABLE 2 Soil microbial community alpha diversity indices associated with different land-use types
Notes: Values are mean ± standard deviation (n = 3); different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among different land-use types based on a one-way ANOVA followed by a Duncan test. P values less than 0.05 indicate significance and are in italics. Abbreviations: CS, Cabernet Sauvignon; M, Merlot; C, Chardonnay; IR, Italian Riesling; DL, desert land.
TABLE 3 Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) table for bacterial and fungal community composition differences associated with different land-use types
TABLE S Pearson correlation of chemical parameters associated with the soil microbial diversity (n = 15)
Notes: *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01.
Abbreviations: TN, total nitrogen; TP, total phosphorus; TK, total potassium; SOC, soil organic carbon.