a-i: Modified from subset of data summarized in references (Alhumaidha, Saleh, Abd El Fattah, El-Eraky, & Moawad, 2016; Clauss et al., 2019; Cotton et al., 2001; Gross, 2009; Hau & Schapiro, 2002; KE, Brooks, & Warbaase, 1974; Matsuda et al., 1983; Pilla et al., 2003; Turner, Haga, Else, & Hulbert, 2006). LVPSP, left ventricular peak systolic pressure; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; LV +dP/ d t, left ventricular +d P /d t; LV −dP/ d t, left ventricular −d P /d t, LVVS, left ventricular velocity of shortening; LVFS, left ventricular fractional shortening; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; SV, stroke volume.