2.4. Assessment of other variables
A computerized scale was used for weight measurement (to the nearest 0.1
kg). The subjects were asked to wear light clothing with no shoes. The
height was also measured on the same visit day. Finally, weight (kg) and
height (m) were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI) according to
the following formula: weight (kg)/ height (m) 2.
The International Physical Questionnaire was used to evaluate daily
physical activity [33, 34] as MET-hour per week. The factors such as
education level, family size, and economic status were inquired from all
the participants to determine their socioeconomic status. Moreover,
covariate data including age, marital status, menopause situation, past
medical history, smoking or medication/supplementation history were
selfreported by all the participants.