2.5. Statistical analysis
The final analysis was performed on 420 individuals. Energy adjustment of the variables was carried out using the residual method. After completing the FFQ, the data were entered into an Excel datasheet and daily dietary intakes were compared using the IBM SPSS version 26 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Win, Armonk, NY) and Nutritionist IV (N4) software. Since there were three DIP groups (tertiles), one-way ANOVA was used for continuous variables including age, body mass index (BMI), weight, waist circumference, physical activity, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and Pearson’s chi-square test was applied to categorical variables such as oral contraceptive (OCP) use, current corticosteroid use, menopause, marital status, overweight/obesity and socioeconomic status. Similarities between the energy intakes of the participants were adjusted by linear regression. Finally, the associations between DIP and E-selectin, ICAM, and VCAM in three tertiles was analyzed using ANCOVA.