Insect sampling
We collected bulk arthropods (sandflies, mosquitos, and carrion flies) in a coordinated effort at 39 fragmented forest sites of varying size, shape, and degree of fragmentation from April – September in 2015 and 2016 (Fig. 1). At each site, we built a grid of three parallel 200 m transects with each transect approximately 50 m apart (see Appendix S1: Fig. S1 for trapping grid layout). Along each transect, we placed nine UV LED CDC light traps (BioQuip; Catalog Number: 2770) with approximately 30 m between traps for 27 total light traps per site. We also set three homemade carrion fly traps at each grid in a triangular arrangement with one trap at the end of the first transect, one at the beginning of the second transect, and the final trap at the end of the third transect (Appendix S1: Fig. S1). We engineered each carrion fly trap from two 2 L soda bottles and gauze mesh. The trap was designed to bait carrion flies with the smell of rotting meat while also keeping the trapped carrion flies separated from the bait (see Appendix S1: Fig. S2 for carrion fly trap design). We trapped and collected the insects over the course of 4 days and 3 trap nights at each site. We checked traps each day and collected the collection cups containing the live insects (and replaced this with a new collection cup) every 24 hours; we placed the collection cups containing the live insects in a portable refrigerator during transportation to Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT, Sinop campus) lab facilities. We immediately transferred insect collections to a -20°C freezer for at least 30 minutes to stun the insects in order to then separate out sandflies and mosquitos from other insect by-catch. We sorted sandflies, mosquitos, and carrion flies into separate pools based on site and date into 2 mL microtubes. Because of differences in body size and weight, sandflies were pooled at 50 individuals, mosquitos were pooled at fifteen individuals, and carrion flies were pooled at five individuals. Finally, we placed sorted insects into a -80°C freezer until they were shipped using dry ice to our home lab facility at Oregon State University where they were once again frozen at -80°C until molecular processing.