Inclusion criteria
Children aged 7-12 years who existed the records in the pediatric
ophthalmology unit of the department of ophthalmology for routine ocular
examination between January 2013 – January 2015 were consecutively
selected for this study. The data of three measurements of children aged
7-12 years who were examined at least once a year for three years using
both cycloplegic auto-refractometry (RM-A7000B; Topcon Medical Systems,
Inc., Oakland, NJ) and optical biometry (Lenstar LS900; Haag-Streit
Diagnostics AG, Koeniz, Switzerland), were included as the cohort data
for this study. Only the right-eye data were included for each subject.
The main inclusion criteria of subjects were no additional ocular
problems except refractive errors. Furthermore, subjects who had no
refractive error at the start of the three years were also included. For
this purpose, ptosis, pterygium, dry eye, corneal disease, cataracts,
retinal disease, strabismus, contact lens usage history, previous
ophthalmic surgery in any eye, or uncooperative children were not
included in the study. The common inclusion criteria were (1) children
with no systemically compromised and (2) having fully achievable records
with auto-refractometry and optical biometry instruments in all
observation periods.
Patients who had an anamnesis as previous ocular surgery, ocular trauma,
wearing hard contact lenses were not included in the study. Besides,
patients with corneal scarring or edema on biomicroscopic examination
were also excluded from the study.