3. Electrochemical Biosensors for characteization ofBrucella spp
Other potential tools to identify pathogenic bacteria are electrochemical detection methods (Velusamy, Arshak, Korostynska, Oliwa, & Adley, 2010). In this case, the bio-interaction process over the transducer generates the electrochemical signals, which is measured by the detector and analyzed with data analyzer (Gattani, Singh, Agrawal, Khan, & Singh, 2019). Electrochemical biosensors can be classified into amperometric, potentiometric, impedimetric, voltammetric, and conductometric ones (Velusamy et al., 2010).
Electrochemical biosensors are classified into two label-dependent and label-free types based on the detection strategy. Label dependent electrochemical biosensors use the biological molecules such as enzymes, antibodies, metal nanoparticles, conductive polymers, etc. to induce a measurable electrical impulse. While the label free sensors are those that work on the basis of immobilization of the target analyte using a bio-receptor electrode and estimation in the changes of capacitance and resistance over the electrode surface (Gattani et al., 2019). A comparison of limit of detection (LOD) for the traditional methods with some biosenosrs is presented in Table 1. Electrochemical and optical methods are the most broadly utilized strategies in the development ofBrucella biosensors. Consequently, biosensors can be considered as simple and inexpensive diagnostic tools with a comparable or even better detection limits compared to the traditional methods (Abbaspour, Norouz-Sarvestani, Noori, & Soltani, 2015; Sattarahmady et al., 2015).