2.1 | Clinical setting
A total of 43 children with CD diagnosed and followed up at the
Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology of Adıyaman University
(Adıyaman,Turkey) were evaluated prospectively and compared with 48
controls who were recruited from the hospital well child outpatient
clinic.
Diagnosis of CD is based on pathology results of biopsy material taken
from the duodenum according to European Society for Pediatric
Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) diagnostic
criteria.23
Measurement of thicknesses of choroid and GCC layers (the thickness of
RNFL, GCL and IPL) of optic nerve by using EDI-OCT by a trained OCT
technician and ocular examination of participants were made by an
ophthalmologist who were not aware about group of children in pediatric
CD patients with one year gluten free diet. Informed consent was
obtained from all participants parents before procedures. The study was
approved by hospital ethics committee (22.05.2018/4-4).
Systemic examinations and measurements of blood pressures were made in
both groups and were within normal limits for age. All participants
underwent comprehensive ocular examinations, including standard
slit-lamp examination, refractive error evaluation and best-corrected
visual acuity determination, intraocular pressure measurement with pulse
tonometry, detailed fundoscopy and perimetry. Blood tests measuring
hemoglobin, iron, vitamin D, vitamin B12, C-reactive protein, and
sedimentation were within normal ranges in the CD and healthy control
groups.
Children with; acute or chronic, and local or systemic, infection under
four years of age who were unable to adapt to OCT, and the patients with
corneal abnormality, intraocular pressure greater than 21 mm Hg, retinal
disease, glaucoma, strabismus, optic disc disorder, history of ocular
surgery or trauma, refraction error greater than 3 diopters and chronic
use of any medication, were not included into the study.