7.3 Systemic therapy
In practice, several systemic treatment options are established for
treating AE: Until approval of Dupilumab in 2017 and baricitinib in
2020, cyclosporine has been considered as first-line option over many
years. Other drugs (e.g. azathioprine, methotrexate and mycophenolic
acid) have been also used with good response, but off label and/or as
second line therapy, in AE [113, 127]. The European Academy of
Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) AE guideline group nicely
summarized evidence on systemic treatments for AE identifying the need
for trials comparing novel systemic treatments with conventional
therapies [128].