9. Conclusion
Atopic dermatitis is a complex skin disease with underlying skin barrier defects. Multiple intrinsic but also extrinsic factors put humans at risk to develop AE – among them environmental factors which in times of climate change could play an even stronger role in the future. However, the heterogenous disease can be divided into multiple endotypes with different pathomechanisms. Therefore, a personalized medicine approach for an effective management of AE. New strategies emerged in the last years, tackling the skin barrier including the microbiome, or factors of the immune system. Even better would be the prevention of AE, possibly by suitable emollients or pre- and probiotics, as AE is known and confirmed to be the first step of the atopic march. Much of the complex disease mechanisms could be unraveled in the last decades. However, much is still unknown and must be addressed by the science community, particularly host-microbe and environmental interaction.