Patient management
Medical records and follow-up data of each patient, including the
medical history, neurologic examination, operative reports, pathology
reports. The SAS was determined from the patient’s intraoperative
anesthesia chart where blood
pressures and heart rates were recorded every 5 minutes, and three
intraoperative parameters including
estimated blood loss (EBL), lowest
mean arterial pressure (LMAP), and lowest heart rate (LHR) were
obtained. Follow-up of patients were conducted by contacting patients
using telephone or by outpatient
clinics26-29.
Preoperative management, anesthetic, and surgical techniques for all
patients were standardized and have been previously reported.