Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that the resistance from both native plants and
co-occurring exotic plants was the most important factor determining
plant invasion in freshwater ecosystems. It implied that biodiversity
conservation and native vegetation restoration are essential to control
plant invasion. If no native vegetation fills the blank niches left by
the removal of invasive plants through enemies or mechanical control,
invasive plants will return or be replaced by other invasive plants. And
it also suggested that managing and modeling the invasive species must
take into account the interactions between invaders which have always
been ignored (Kuebbing et al. 2013). In addition, we found that the
effects of some factors on different exotic aquatic plants were varied
as well as the relative importance and modes of their effects, more
studies involving multiple approaches and multiple invasive species are
required to address the invasion patterns in freshwater ecosystems
(Thomaz et al. 2015).