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\begin{document}

\title{Active Membranes, Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics}



\author[1]{Timo Betz}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 10, 2024}


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Introduction: Historical way from the first observation over the first
proposition that it is active to the paper that suggested that the
flickering is passive, and that did influence the field for 50 years.
The subsject was picked up by lennon and brochard, that found a
frequency spectrum that was consistent with a passive model, and hence
interpreted it this way. This paper triggered a series of both
experimental and theoretical work that largely interpreted the
fluctuations of the red blood cell membrane as a purely passive process.
The notion of active mechanical prossess acting on membranes was raised
from a theoretical point of view by prost ins 1998 (check) and

\par\null

the first doubs on this passive nature of the fluctuations came at the
end of the millenium, when ATP dependent differences in the fluctuations
amplitude where detected. However these findings were highly
controversial, with a series of papers that argued for the active or the
passive side. during 15 years more and more experimets were gathered
that suggested an active contribution, but none of these provided a
direct proof. Finally the~

\par\null\par\null

OTHER REVIEWS. Sriram and Madan:~

introduce the possible forces, mention that activity can enter as force
centers, but also as additioanl noise

Look also into BAR domains

include madans soft matter paper ( Organelle morphogenesis by active
membrane remodeling )

mention that we only look at shapes of active membranes here, and not at
local composition changes. (Turner, Sens)

\par\null

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