Introduction: Historical way from the first observation over the first proposition that it is active to the paper that suggested that the flickering is passive, and that did influence the field for 50 years. The subsject was picked up by lennon and brochard, that found a frequency spectrum that was consistent with a passive model, and hence interpreted it this way. This paper triggered a series of both experimental and theoretical work that largely interpreted the fluctuations of the red blood cell membrane as a purely passive process. The notion of active mechanical prossess acting on membranes was raised from a theoretical point of view by prost ins 1998 (check) and
the first doubs on this passive nature of the fluctuations came at the end of the millenium, when ATP dependent differences in the fluctuations amplitude where detected. However these findings were highly controversial, with a series of papers that argued for the active or the passive side. during 15 years more and more experimets were gathered that suggested an active contribution, but none of these provided a direct proof. Finally the 
OTHER REVIEWS. Sriram and Madan: 
introduce the possible forces, mention that activity can enter as force centers, but also as additioanl noise
Look also into BAR domains
include madans soft matter paper ( Organelle morphogenesis by active membrane remodeling )
mention that we only look at shapes of active membranes here, and not at local composition changes. (Turner, Sens)