HB |
Whole blood |
Decreased |
Microcytic and hemolytic
anemia(5) |
MCV |
Whole blood |
Decreased |
Iron incorporation into heme is
impaired(5) |
MCH |
Whole blood |
Decreased |
Iron incorporation into heme is
impaired(5) |
PBS |
Whole blood |
Coarse basophilic stippling - Cabot rings |
Instability of RNA and remaining microtubules respectively, due to
abnormal erythropoiesis(5) |
Retic count |
Whole blood |
Increased |
Hemolytic anemia due to
inhibition of Na-k dependent ATPases in cell membranes and increased
fragility(8) |
BM iron stain |
BM aspiration smear |
Ring sideroblast |
Iron
accumulation in the mitochondria(8) |
Blood lead level |
Whole blood |
Increased |
* |
zinc-protoporphyrin |
Whole blood |
Increased |
zinc-protoporphyrin is
formed instead of heme(8) |
free red cell protoporphyrin |
Whole blood |
Increased |
It’s a product
of zinc-protoporphyrin(8) |
LDH |
Serum/Plasma |
Increased |
Hemolytic anemia(10) |
Liver enzymes |
Serum/Plasma |
Increased |
Increasing oxidative stress
(11) |
BUN / Cr |
Serum/Plasma |
Increased |
Proximal tubular dysfunction and
Fanconi-type syndrome(12) |
Urine glucose |
Urine |
Increased (positive) |
Proximal tubular
dysfunction and Fanconi-type syndrome(12) |