Figure captions
Figure 1: Conceptual figure of resource-use dissimilarity (RUD) as a measure of resource-use complementarity, exemplified for a primary producer community with four tree species in the species pool. We assume that the resource pool has as many compartments C as there are species in the species pool. Each species has access to at least one and up to C = 4 compartments. Species accessing the same compartment compete for resources within that compartment. By systematically varying the resource-access of all species, we can define a gradient of resource-use dissimilarity (RUD) ranging from no dissimilarity (RUD = 0) to complete dissimilarity between all species (RUD = 1).
Figure 2: Diversity effects and resource-use dissimilarity (RUD) without multi-trophic interactions. (a) Mean diversity-productivity relationships at different levels of RUD (colored lines) and overall average (thick black line). (b) Observed yieldYO (different shades of blue at different levels of producer richness) and expected yield YE (red) as functions of RUD. (c) Net diversity effects ΔY = YO - YE for different levels of producer richness. Error bars in (b) and (c) show 25th and 75th; squares show 50th percentile (i.e., median).
Figure 3: Effects of animal richness (i.e., multi-trophic animal richness of 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70) on (a) net diversity effects ΔY = YO - YE = CE + SE, (b) complementarity effects CE and (c) selection effects SE, as well as (d) observed yield YO and (e) expected yield YE. Summarized at primary producer richness = 16 for different ranges of resource-use dissimilarity (0 - 0.25, 0.25 - 0.5, 0.5 - 0.75, and 0.75 - 1). Error bars show 25th and 75th; squares show 50th percentile (i.e., median).
Figure 4: Effects of animal richness (i.e., multi-trophic animal richness of 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70) on (a) realized species richness of the producer community and (b) Shannon diversity Hexp of the producer community’s resource-use as a measure of realized resource-use dissimilarity. Summarized at primary producer richness of 16 for different ranges of resource-use dissimilarity (0 - 0.25, 0.25 - 0.5, 0.5 - 0.75, and 0.75 - 1). Error bars show 25th and 75th; squares show 50th percentile (i.e., median).