Patient characteristics
Table 1 shows the patient characteristics. The fetal diagnosis of TAPVC was conducted for all patients. Stent dilation was performed as the first palliative procedure for an obstructive vertical vein in seven patients. The median age and bodyweight of the patients at TAPVC repair were 102 days and 3.8 kg, respectively. The type of TAPVC was supracardiac in 14 patients, infracardiac in two, and mixed type in two. Seven patients had dextrocardia, while 11 had levocardia. The aortic arch position was left in seven patients and right in 11 patients. Concomitant procedures performed with TAPVC repair were Blalock Taussig shunt (BTS) in two patients, PA banding (PAB) in four patients, Glenn procedure in 11 patients, and right ventricle-PA (RV-PA) conduit placement in one patient. There were no significant differences in patient background and surgical procedures between the groups.