Subjects
The subjects included 18 patients (11 boys and seven girls) with RAI, single ventricle, and extracardiac TAPVC who underwent a TAPVC repair using the sutureless technique (12 patients) or conventional repair (six patients) at Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center in Yokohama, Japan, from April 2014 to December 2020. While the diagnostic criteria for right and left atrial isomerism remain controversial (4), the diagnosis of RAI in the present study was based on the intraoperative inspection of the morphology of the atrial appendages. This was a single-center retrospective study using medical records. This study was approved by our ethics committee including outside experts (18.09.2020; the number of IRB, 2005-17). The consent was waived because of the retrospective nature of the study.