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\begin{document}

\title{Impact of Resolution and Source of Digital Elevation Model on
Topological Attributes and Simulated Runoff by SWAT Model}



\author[1]{Farinaz Gholami}%
\author[1]{Alireza Nemati}%
\author[1]{Yue Li}%
\author[2]{Yang Hong}%
\author[3]{Junlong Zhang}%
\affil[1]{Qingdao University}%
\affil[2]{The University of Oklahoma}%
\affil[3]{North China Electric Power University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 28, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of a watershed is one of the most
important inputs in most hydrological analyses and plays a key role in
the accurate prediction of various hydrological processes. Comprehensive
knowledge of the impact of different DEM sources on the performance of a
model is essential before utilizing the model. In this study, we
evaluated the influence of TOPO1:25000, ASTER, and SRTM DEMs, as input,
on the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model
for the prediction of surface runoff. We also investigated the effect of
the resolution of the studied DEM sources on the accuracy of the SWAT
model in the estimation of runoff. The second objective of this study
was to identify the most influential and the least impactful input
parameters on the performance of the SWAT model. We studied the Zarrineh
River watershed in Iran as a case study to compare the effect of the
aforementioned DEM types and DEM resolution on the output of the SWAT
model. The outcomes of the study demonstrated that influential
parameters on predicted runoff as well as a few watershed parameters,
such as reach lengths, reach slopes, number of sub-basins, and the
number of hydrologic response units (HRU), differs noticeably when the
DEM source and resolution changes. It was also observed that simulated
results over-predict the runoff during low precipitation periods and
under-predict the runoff during high precipitation months, and the
accuracy of the simulated results decreases by reducing the DEM
resolution. The results showed that the SWAT model had the best
performance when the TOPO1:25000 DEM was used as the input source.
Low-resolution DEMs are available to a wider range of researchers. The
outcomes of the current study can be employed to estimate the impact of
low-resolution input data on the simulated result as well as
substantially reduce the computation time by decreasing the input
DEMresolution with only a minor reduction of accuracy.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Impact of Resolution and Source of Digital Elevation Model on Topological Attributes and Simulated Runoff by SWAT Model .docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/414816/articles/522734-impact-of-resolution-and-source-of-digital-elevation-model-on-topological-attributes-and-simulated-runoff-by-swat-model}\selectlanguage{english}
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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Table 1.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/414816/articles/522734-impact-of-resolution-and-source-of-digital-elevation-model-on-topological-attributes-and-simulated-runoff-by-swat-model}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Table 2.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/414816/articles/522734-impact-of-resolution-and-source-of-digital-elevation-model-on-topological-attributes-and-simulated-runoff-by-swat-model}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Table 3.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/414816/articles/522734-impact-of-resolution-and-source-of-digital-elevation-model-on-topological-attributes-and-simulated-runoff-by-swat-model}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Table 4.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/414816/articles/522734-impact-of-resolution-and-source-of-digital-elevation-model-on-topological-attributes-and-simulated-runoff-by-swat-model}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Table 5.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/414816/articles/522734-impact-of-resolution-and-source-of-digital-elevation-model-on-topological-attributes-and-simulated-runoff-by-swat-model}

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