Fig. S10. Relationships among initial states and shifts over time for abundance and elevation as predicted by HMSC. Because our sampling design does not cover the entire elevation/depth distribution of every species, predicted elevational peaks for several species found below the lowest survey points (e.g., surfgrasses) or above the highest points (e.g., barnacles) were beyond the limits of the study area. We decided to restrict our predictions to the boundaries of the survey area. Therefore, the amount each taxon could shift up or down depended on its initial state (bounding box in A).