*Number of plant species for which each trait was available (total number of species used in the PACo analysis for cophylogenetic signal)

¹A trichromatic phenotype was simulated based on S, M and L cones, with peak spectral sensitivities (λmax) of 425 and 53, respectively. The peak sensitivities selected roughly correspond to a typical old word monkey phenotype, as well as many Strepsirrhines (Nevo et al. 2018)

²First and second axis explained 64% of the variance in nutritional content of fruits (Supplementary Material S7).

We used ultrametric time-calibrated phylogenies and reconstructed both plant and lemur phylogeny at the species-level. For plants, we used two phylogeny sets: (a) complete, including all plant species in our dataset, and (b) native, excluding plant species considered introduced and/or invasive, following Kull et al. (2012) (SM Table S4). After updating the plant taxonomy nomenclature (WFO 2022), species relationships were obtained using ‘V.Phylomaker’ package in R, the most extensive phylogeny reconstruction tool covering the highest below family-level plant diversity, and with accurate and updated age estimates for internal nodes (Jin and Qian 2019). Lemur phylogeny was obtained from Bray et al. (2019), and taxonomic resolution was supplemented with additional references (Pastorini et al. 2001; Markolf et al. 2013; Lei et al. 2017).