Individual contributions to the CS
To test whether the obtained complementary information on lemur and
plant traits influence the magnitude of the CS, we fitted linear mixed
models with a lognormal distribution, using a Bayesian approximation
(details in Supplementary Material S9). We fitted separated models for
lemurs and plants, and separated models for each interaction type where
CS was significant (see Supplemental Material for details).
For lemur traits, we had complete information for all lemur species
included in our analyses. We fitted four models, one for each
interaction type: frugivory, folivory, florivory and granivory. In each
model, we included activity pattern (diurnal, nocturnal, cathemeral) and
feeding guild (nectarivorous, omnivorous, folivorous-frugivorous,
folivorous, frugivorous, insectivorous) as independent variables, and
Procrustean residuals calculated by the PACo function as response
variables. Abundant species tend to be generalists, so to account for
the variation in geographic distribution area among lemur species, we
used geographic range as a proxy of their density, given the lack of
abundance data for each specific site. This approach is supported by
strong associations between species distribution ranges and population
sizes (Estrada et al. 2017). Data on lemur distribution range (in
km2) were extracted from IUCN maps (IUCN 2022) and
added as random effect to models. To account for the possible influence
of sample size of interactions, the total number of studies reporting
each interaction was incorporated as a random effect to the models. To
control for the possible influence of phylogenetic relatedness, we added
lemur phylogeny as a covariate in our models.
For plant traits, we had information for only few species, and each
trait was available for different sets of plants (Table 1). In order to
take better advantage of the available information, we fitted separated
models for each trait, correlating it to the respective interaction
type. To account for the possible influence of sample size of
interactions, the total number of studies reporting each interaction was
considered as random effect in the models. To control for the possible
influence of phylogenetic relatedness, we added plant phylogeny as a
covariate in our models.