Abnormal kidney function test and clinical outcomes
At admission to hospital, majority of recovered and died patients (97.99%) had normal kidney (stage I) (n= 338, 85.14%) and mild (stage II) AKI (n=51, 12.85%) (Table 2). The baseline S.Cr and consequently, eGFR was not significantly varied between died and recovered patient (Mean ± SD,  0.91 ± 0.09  versus 0.86 ± 0.28; t-test , p=0.184), (Mean ± SD,  126.17 ± 30.51  versus 139.39 ± 54.19, t-test , p=0.106) respectively. BUN for recovered and died patients at admission was not significantly differed (Mean ± SD,  20.19 ± 9.74 versus 21.22 ± 7.60; p=0.459) (Table 3, Fig. 1).
For died patients, the day before death shows 24 (52.17%) patients had progressed to stage III and IV AKI (Table 2). Comparing to the recovered patients, S.Cr and BUN were significantly higher one day before death (Mean ± SD,  2.07 ± 1.49  versus 0.86 ± 0.28; p=0.000) and (Mean ± SD,  34.43 ± 12.19  versus 20.19 ± 9.74; p=0.000) respectively. The estimated GFR was lower for patients the day before death comparing to those who have been recovered from COVID-19 (Mean ± SD,  67.99 ± 42.26 versus 139.39 ± 54.19; p=0.000) (Table 3, Fig. 1).
Of 46 died patients; all of the kidney function tests were abnormally changed from baseline to the day before death. The mean of S.Cr was increased by more than 47% from the baseline (Mean ± SD,  0.98 ± 0.10 versus 2.07 ± 1.49; p=0.000). Consequently, the estimated GFR decreased from baseline by more than 63% (Mean ± SD,  109.12 ± 24.69 versus 67.99 ± 42.26; p=0.000). Similarly, BUN was increased more than 61% from the baseline value (Mean ± SD,  109.12 ± 24.69 versus 67.99 ± 42.26; p=0.000) (Table 3, Fig. 1).