Phase 1: low-DII-score formula
In order to design a new formula with anti-inflammatory properties, the Karen Pharma and Food Supplement Co. (PNC) standard EnteraMeal formula was fortified based on the DII score of nutrients. Specific amounts of some vitamins (includes vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B5,B6, B9, C, D3) minerals (Mg, Se, Zn), and two pharmaco-nutrients (saffron and turmeric) with a negative inflammatory index score which have anti-inflammatory properties were considered. Of note, the amount of these additional nutrients in the new formula was considered between the amount of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) and the upper limit (UL) of intake. In this way, not only is the patient’s RDA provided via an average daily intake of 2000 cc formulation powder, but the person’s inflammatory status improves without exceeding the UL. After consulting with the pharmaceutics advisory professors, a new formulation was designed and sent to James R. Hebert and Nitin Shivappa (advisory professors in the field of DII) for approval. The nutrient content of the formula is presented in Table 1. The sources and kinds of added nutrients are mentioned in Table 2.