What is already known about this topic?
Nutritional support is defined as the prescription of formulated enteral or parenteral nutrients to the patients who cannot meet their nutritional requirements through normal diets in order to maintain and enhance their nutritional status. In the late 1970s, EN support was in its infancy, and only 16 enteral formulas were available. Within the past few decades, these formulas have increased dramatically. As such, selecting the most appropriate formula is rather challenging considering the wide array of the available formulas. However, only a few prospective, randomized, controlled interventions support the claimed indications for the specific formulas that are currently available on the market . In the past two decades, numerous clinical studies have investigated the role of antioxidant micronutrients in the form of monotherapy or polytherapy in the mortality and clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. Accordingly, pharmaconutrition and immunomodulatory formulas have beneficial effects, which are associated with the negative regulation of pro-inflammatory responses in patients with trauma, sepsis, and other inflammatory injuries. Nevertheless, evidence regarding the benefits of these formulas remains controversial .