Results
The study flow diagram was showed in Figure.1. There was no statistical significance in preoperative laboratory values and characteristics of patients (Table 1).
EC50 of TCI propofol and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for gastrointestinal endoscopy were 3.77 (3.48-4.09), 2.51 (2.27-2.78) and 2.10 (1.90-2.33) μg/mL in Group Control, Group DEX0.5 and Group DEX1.0 (Table 2). EC50 of TCI propofol in Group DEX0.5 and Group DEX1.0 was reduced by 33.4% and 44.3% compared with Group Control. Figure 2 to 4 showed that the TCI concentrations of propofol for consecutive patients and their “responsive” or “non-responsive” during gastrointestinal endoscopy.
The average percent change from baseline in HR was 2.8 (8.9), -7.4 (7.7) and -10.5 (8.8) (P <0.001), and average percent change from baseline in MAP was -10.6 [-24.7; 3.5], -9.5 [-29.2; 11.4] and -4.0 [-27.3; 15.5] (P = 0.034) in Group Control, Group DEX0.5 and Group DEX1.0, respectively (Table 3). Figure 5 and Figure 6 showed the time course of percent change from baseline in HR and MAP. The decrease in dosage of propofol with increasing doses of dexmedetomidine caused more stable MAP. Dexmedetomidine caused a decrease in heart rate. However, there was no bradycardia in our study.
Recovery time were 10.9 (2.5), 9.3 (2.9), and 11.6 (3.3) min (P = 0.015) in Group Control, Group DEX0.5 and Group DEX1.0 (Table 3). The recovery time of Group DEX0.5 was significantly shorter than that of the other groups.
This study was completed without any serious adverse events, such as the need for tracheal intubation or termination of the endoscopy. Major sedation-related adverse events were showed in Table 3.
Satisfactions of patients and gastroenterologists were showed in Table 3.