Measurements
In this study, baseline of HR and MAP are defined as the measured values at 5 min after the patient was brought to the endoscopic room. HR, MBP and SpO2 were monitored and recorded at the designated time points: T0: baseline values; T1: 2.5 min after administration of dexmedetomidine; T2: 5 min after administration of dexmedetomidine (Dexmedetomidine administration is over); T3: when propofol target plasma concentration reached the target; T4: at scope intubation; and T5-X: by 3 min intervals.
The endoscopic time were recorded. We defined the recovery time as the interval time from cessation of TCI propofol to the time when patients could respond readily to name spoken in normal tone (that is Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale (OAA/S) = 5). Sedation-related adverse events, such as postoperative nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, bradycardia, and hypotension, were also recorded.
The satisfaction of gastroenterologists (scored by 4, excellent; 3, good; 2, fair; and 1, poor) and the satisfaction of patients (4, no discomfort; 3, slightly uncomfortable; 2, extremely uncomfortable; 1,unacceptable) were assessed immediately after procedure and 30 minutes after procedure, respectively. [7,10].
The average percent change from baseline in HR and MAP, were compared among three groups. In this study, we defined the calculation formula of percent change from baseline at the fixed time points = (HRT1-x –HR T0)/ HR T0* 100 and (MBPT1-x – MBPT0)/ MBPT0*100. [7,10].