Characteristics N (% population) Positive slope 10 (3.4) Null slope 203 (68.8) Negative slope 82 (27.8)
P value
Intergroup comparisons
Sex, male (%) Atopic dermatitis, n Early wheezing, n Age at first symptoms, years Atopy status negative skin prick tests, n
one positive prick test, n
more than one positive prick test, n Parental atopy, n Parental asthma, n Longitudinal PFT characteristics Duration of follow-up, years
ED Hospitalization frequency*
Number of PFT
Best sRaw reversibility in the past
Best FEV1 reversibility in the past
FEV1 slope, % per year
SD of FEV1 slope
5 (50) 5 3 0 [0; 3] 1 1 8 5 4 5.9 [5.0; 6.7] 0.000 [0.000; 0.071] 12 [12; 14] 56 [49; 65] 25 [16; 31] +3.58 [+2.17; +4.52] 1.05 [0.83; 1.51] 135 (67) 89 88 1 [0; 4] 22 46 135 102 82 6.4 [5.6; 7.2] 0.066 [0.000; 0.200] 12 [11; 14] 55 [47; 62] 21 [15; 31] -0.46 [-1.51; +0.45] 1.15 [0.85; 1.52] 59 (72) 38 38 0 [0; 3] 7 15 60 40 32 6.9 [6.1; 7.6] 0.071 [0.000; 0.166] 13 [11; 15] 53 [47; 61] 20 [14; 26] -2.77 [-3.51; -2.11] 0.79 [0.64; 0.98] 0.3284 0.8767 0.6049 0.3989 0.8442 0.4897 0.4038 0.9752 0.9774 0.0098 0.5088 0.1240 0.5478 0.4196 ND <0.0001 1,2<3 1,2>3
Spirometry at inclusion Age, years FEV1, L
FEV1, % predicted
FEV1, z-score
FVC, L
FVC, z-score
FEV1/FVC
FEV1/FVC, z-score
Obstructive defect, n (%)
9.3 [8.6; 11.9] 1.50 [1.42; 1.64] 84 [76; 88] -1.40 [-1.98; -1.04] 2.09[1.92; 2.25] -0.30 [-0.87; +0.28] 0.75 [0.71; 0.76] -2.04 [-2.31; -1.65] 7 (70) 8.5 [8.2; 9.4] 1.61 [1.41; 1.76] 93 [83; 102] -0.58 [-1.42; +0.15] 2.04 [1.79; 2.29] +0.27 [-0.49; +0.99] 0.79 [0.73; 0.84] -1.34 [-2.08; -0.76] 82 (40) 8.4 [8.2; 8.9] 1.62 [1.48; 1.78] 99 [90; 109] -0.09 [-0.83; +0.74] 2.01 [1.83; 2.25] +0.66 [-0.23; +1.23] 0.82 [0.77; 0.87] -1.07 [-1.73; -0.28] 24 (29) 0.0187 0.2506 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.8246 0.0198 0.0020 0.0024 0.0240 1>2,3 1<2<3 1<2<3 1,2<3 1,2<3 1,2<3 1>3
Spirometry at last follow-up FEV1, L
FEV1, % predicted
FEV1, z-score
FVC, L
FVC, z-score
FEV1/FVC
FEV1/FVC, z-score
Obstructive defect#, n (%)
Severe asthma, (%)§
3.82 [3.06; 4.28] 101 [95; 105] +0.06 [-0.44; +0.40] 5.07 [3.59; 5.38] +0.31 [-0.10; +0.63] 0.82 [0.81; 0.83] -0.81 [-0.96; -0.64] 1 (10) 1 (10) 3.30 [2.77; 3.75] 91 [84; 100] -0.76; -1.38; -0.01] 4.21 [3.54; 4.88] +0.14 [-0.59; +0.86] 0.78 [0.73; 0.84] -1.33 [-1.97; -0.75] 72 (35) 23 (11) 2.91 [2.67; 3.44] 82 [74; 88] -1.46 [-2.14; -1.00] 4.00 [3.56; 4.47] -0.49 [-1.11; +0.31] 0.74 [0.70; 0.80] -1.88 [-2.35; -1.09] 46 (55) 21 (26) 0.0017 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.1465 0.0006 0.0003 0.0004 0.0008 0.0089 1,2>3 1>2>3 1>2>3 1,2>3 1,2>3 1,2>3 1,2<3 2<3
Clinical characteristics at last follow-up Age, years BMI, kg.m-2 SABA on demand, n ICS, n ICS dose, BED µg/day LABA, n Partially or uncontrolled last 3 months, n Days, symptoms within last 3 months Severe exacerbation$ within last 3 months, n 15.6 [15.3; 17.1] 21.1 [18.8; 23.4] 5 5 400 [325; 620] 3 4 0 [0; 5] 0 15.3 [14.6; 16.0] 20.2 [18.8; 22.0] 80 123 400 [200; 400] 114 94 1 [0; 7] 21 15.5 [14.9; 16.0] 18.9 [17.8; 20.7] 35 47 400 [200; 400] 46 25 0 [0; 3] 4 0.1262 0.0044 0.7290 0.7290 0.4971 0.2631 0.0492 0.0351 0.2010 1,2>3 2>3 2>3