Surgical Technique
An open or laparoscopic nephrectomy technique was applied for living donors. An extravesical technique (Lich-Gregoir) was applied to all transplanted patients for ureteroneocystostomy (UNS). Types of DJS used were dependent on the choice of surgeons. Cases were grouped later by whether their DJS had an anti-reflux mechanism or not (St-DJS vs ARD-DJS). Surgical drains were placed to all patients to the operation side. Urinary catheters were removed on the 5th postoperative day. Surgical drains were removed if there were no urinary leak and after uri­nary catheters were removed. All DJSs were removed by cystoscopy under local anesthesia at the 4th postoperative week. Urinary complica­tion was described as the presence of urinary leak and stenosis at UNS.