Figure legends
Figure
1 Basidiomata and percentage of monthly occurrences of fruiting
bodies of Auriscalpium and Strobilurus on pinecones. For
the graphs, the x-axis shows months and the y-axis shows percentage of
monthly occurrences of fruiting bodies on pinecones.
Figure 2 The distributions of genes encodingcarbohydrate-active
enzymes (CAZymes) in Auriscalpium and Strobilurus fungi.(a) wood decay fungi (WDF) plotted on the first two principal components
from principal component analyses (PCA) of CAZymes. (b) Comparative
analyses of CAZymes associated with
lignocellulose decomposition. AAs: Auxiliary Activities; CBMs:
Carbohydrate-Binding Modules; CEs: Carbohydrate Esterases; GHs:
Glycoside Hydrolases; GTs: Glycosyl Transferases; PLs: Polysaccharide
Lyases. (c) Heatmap analysis of CAZymes showing the distributions of
CAZymes among different fungi. Numbers of family members in each genome
are demonstrated. Overrepresented (+4 to 0) and underrepresented (0 to
−4) numbers are depicted as scores for each line in heatmap. The
clustering on the left involves gene families with the same pattern in
number. On the right is the name of the gene family.
Figure 3 Comparisons of thecarbohydrate-active
enzymes (CAZymes) in Auriscalpium and Strobilurus, the
proportions of four major chemical components in different cones, and
the proportions of different enzymes encoded by lignocellulolytic genesin
the two fungi groups. (a) Heatmap analysis of seven fungi inAuriscalpium and Strobilurus of CAZymes. (b) Four
components of three different newly fallen cones. A, B, C and D in
x-axis represent lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin,
respectively. The y-axis represents the proportion of the four
components. (c) The proportions
of
lignocellulolytic genes in different fungi of Auriscalpium . A’,
B’, C’, D’ in x-axis represent ligninase, cellulose, hemicellulose,
pectinase respectively. The y-axis represents the proportion of the four
types of enzymes; the same below. (d) The proportions of
lignocellulolytic genes in different fungi of Strobilurus .
Figure 4 The changes of four major chemical components of cones
before and after decomposition, and the relationship to differences of
the numbers of lignocellulolytic genes between Strobilurus andAuriscalpium fungi colonizing the same pinecones. (a) The
proportion of four components in cones of P . yunnanensisbefore and after the decomposition by A . orientale . A, B,
C and D in x-axis represent lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin,
respectively. The y-axis represents the proportion of the four
components. White represents undecomposed cones, while gray represents
decomposed cones. the same below. (b) The proportion of four components
in cones of P . sylvestris before and after the
decomposition by A . vulgare . (c) The content changes of
four components in cones of P . armandii before and after
being decomposed by A . microsporum . (d) Comparison of
lignocellulolytic genes. A’, B’, C’ and D’ in x-axis represent
ligninase, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectinase, respectively. The
y-axis represents the proportion of the four types of enzymes inA . orientalis and S . luchuensis grown on
cones of P . yunnanensis . The same below. (e) Comparison of
lignocellulolytic genes in A . vulgare and S .stephanocystis on cones of P . sylvestris . (f)
Comparisons of lignocellulolytic genes of A . microsporum ,S . pachcystidiatus and S . orientalis grown
on cones of P . armandii . (g) Heatmap analysis of
lignocellulolytic genes of four fungi on cones of P . subgenusPinus . (h) Heatmap analysis of lignocellulolytic genes of three
fungi on cones of P . subgenus Strobus .
Figure
5 Types of successive decomposition of pinecones observed in the
field. (a–b) The decomposition of
cones of P . subgenus Pinus . (a) The cones decomposed byA . vulgare or A . orientale independently.
(b) Successive decomposition and competition of A .orientale /S . luchuensis and A .vulgare/S . stephanocystis on cones of P . subgenusPinus . The yellow brown pileus represents S .luchuensis or S . stephanocystis . (c–f) The
decomposition of cones of P . subgenus Strobus . (c) The
cones decomposed by A . microsporum independently. (d)
Successive decomposition and competition of A . microsporumand S . orientalis on cones of P . subgenusStrobus . The gray brown pileus represents S .orientalis . (e) Successive decomposition and competition ofA . microsporum and S . pachcystidiatus on
cones of P . subgenus Strobus . The yellow pileus representsS . pachcystidiatus . (f) Successive decomposition and
competition of A . microsporum , S .pachcystidiatus and S . orientalis on cones ofP . subgenus Strobus .