No LGA LGA p value No SGA SGA p value No neonatal composite outcome Neonatal composite outcome p value
Age (years) 33.7 (4.7) 32.4 (5.6) 0.02 33.5 (5.0) 33.6 (4.0) 0.94 33.7 (4.8) 32.9 (5.0) 0.14
Interval between pregnancies (years) 3.0 (1.5) 2.7 (1.7) 0.28 2.8 (1.5) 3.9 (2.1) <0.001 2.8 (1.4) 3.1 (1.9) 0.08
Booking-in weight (kg)
67.0 (58.0,82.0) 84.5 (69,105)
<0.001
71.0 (59.3,88.0) 65.0 (56.0,77.5)
0.07
58.0 (68.0, 84.0) 77.5 (64.0,93.8)
0.001
Weight change between pregnancies (kg) 2.2 (5.4) 4.7 (8.4) 0.002 2.6 (6.1) 2.4 (5.5) 0.87 2.2 (5.4) 3.9 (7.9) 0.012
Booking-in BMI (kg/m2)
26.5 (23.1,32.0) 31.3 (26.9, 37.4)
<0.001
27.1 (23,4,32.8) 23.2 (25.8,31.6)
0.46
26.6 (23.1,32.1) 29.7 (24.9,35.4)
0.001
Ethnicity (n,%) 0.08 0.11 0.65
-Europid 38.4 50.7 41.6 27.0 39.6 42.6
-Non-Europid 61.6 49.3 58.4 73.0 60.4 57.4
Parity (n,%) 0.002 0.87 0.02
1 55.9 35.8 52.3 56.8 56.2 42.6
2 25.6 28.4 26.2 24.3 25.4 27.8
>2 18.9 35.8 21.5 18.9 18.4 29.6
Week of GDM diagnosis
24.0 (17.0,27.0) 23.5 (14.8,28.0)
0.89
24.0 (16.0,27.0) 20.0 (15.5,26.0)
0.10
24.0 (17.0,27.0) 15.0 (21.0,27.0)
0.11
Early vs late GDM (n,%) 0.42 0.22 0.11
-early 42.7 48.5 42.6 54.1 41.2 50.5
-late 57.3 51.5 57.4 45.9 58.8 49.5
GTT- fasting glucose (mmol/L) 4.9 (0.8) 5.6 (1.5) <0.001 5.0 (1.0) 4.7 (0.7) 0.27 4.9 (0.9) 5.2 (1.3) 0.017
GTT- 2 hour glucose (mmol/L) 8.8 (1.6) 9.7 (2.2) 0.002 9.0 (1.7) 8.8 (1.5) 0.71 8.8 (1.6) 9.3 (2.0) 0.03
Medication required (%) 0.17 0.72 0.13
-yes 62.5 71.6 63.3 67.6 61.7 70.4
-no 37.5 28.4 36.4 32.4 38.3 29.6
Same outcome in previous GDM preg <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
-yes 10.9 47.8 5.7 70.3 21.2 43.5
-no 89.1 52.2 94.3 29.7 78.8 56.5