Response variables
We counted the total number of adult Drosophila(di ) and the number of adult parasitoids (pi ) that emerged from each vial. Proportion of host survival (HS) was estimated using HS = di /T, where T is the average abundance of flies that were reared in control treatments. In cases where HS > 1 (cases where more flies came out in the presence of parasitoids, compared to control treatments without parasitoid), we set HS = 1. Parasitism rate (PR) was estimated using PR = pi/ T. In cases where PR> 1 (cases where more parasitoids emerged than flies in control treatment), we set PR = 1. Both estimates were used to help account for differences in the number of Drosophila that a given temperature and competition treatment supported.