Figure 1: Schematic representation of the experimental design. To modify the development rates and temporal availability ofDrosophila , 100 Drosophila larvae were reared in either current ambient (24°C) or predicted warming (28°C) temperatures, and in either high (50 indiv/ml food) or low (5 indiv/ml food) levels of resource competition. Differences in development rates and developmental stages in the control treatments (e.g., without parasitoids) are presented as Drosophila transitioning from larval (beige), to pupal (brown), to adult flies. This was replicated withDrosophila sulfurigaster and D. birchii alone and the two Drosophila species together for the alternative host species treatment. Female parasitoid wasps, from a single parasitoid species, were then introduced to vials in two-day intervals (e.g., 0, 2, 4, 6 days), as shown with the dotted lines, to mimic a phenological delay in emergence times between Drosophila and parasitoids. Parasitoids remained in vials with hosts for 48-hours and this was repeated with both parasitoid species (e.g., Asobara sp . andGanaspis sp .). Each unique treatment was replicated 5-6 times.