Climate change is altering the relative timing of species interactions
by shifting when species appear in a community and by accelerating
developmental rates. However, phenological shifts may be mediated
through community contexts, such as intraspecific competition and
alternative resource species, which can prolong the otherwise shortened
windows of availability. Using a combination of laboratory experiments
and dynamic simulations, we quantified how the effects of phenological
shifts in Drosophila-parasitoid interactions differed with concurrent
changes in temperature, intraspecific competition, and the presence of
alternative host species. We found that community context, particularly
the presence of alternative host species, supported interaction
persistence across a wider range of phenological shifts than pairwise
interactions. Parasitism rates declined under warming, which limited the
ability of community contexts to manage mismatched interactions. These
results demonstrate that ongoing declines in insect diversity may
exacerbate the effects of phenological shifts in ecological communities
under future global warming temperatures.