Figure 3: Observed association between phenological delay, temperature, and resource competition for the persistence ofDrosophila -parasitoid interactions in the dynamic simulation. Each point (n = 9599) overlaid on the boxplot represents the proportion of replicated simulations (n = 100) in which host-parasitoid interactions persisted for at least 10 generations within each host species combination. Data for both parasitoid species are presented together within each host species facet. Many proportions are at or near zero, thus some points are not visible. We restricted the y-axis to show all values less than 0.3, but several observed proportions reach a value higher than what are presented in this figure. All levels of host net reproductive rate (1-10) and adult parasitoid survival rate (0.1-1) are included in this figure. Data is split across host species to help differentiate effects of phenological delay in pairwise and multispecies systems. Predicted probabilities (not shown) of host-parasitoid persistence across a wide range of parameters were less than 1%, but interspecific combinations of host species had significantly greater odds of persisting 10 generations then either species alone. Statistical analysis is provided in SI Materials and Methods . All effects were tested using Tukey’s HSD test for multiple comparison.