Conclusions
While traditional tobacco impairing effects have been widely demonstrated, vaping mid- and long-term complications remain unclear. Nonetheless, there is increasing evidence that e-cigarettes can no longer be considered as harmless devices. As a result of its cross-generational diffusion, vaping health implications have become an issue of pediatric interest, being children at greater risk of the still unknown chronic effects. According to a precautionary principle, e-cigarettes should be in any event considered unhealthy and consequently banned in this age group. In this perspective, governments should strengthen prevention strategies as well as restrictions and regulations on e-cigarettes marketing and advertisings. At the same time, teachers and pediatricians must play a crucial role in children and parents’ education by raising their awareness about vaping harmful effects and dispelling widespread misperceptions. Given its ever-growing relevance as a worldwide health concern, further investigation is in our main interest.