TABLE 1. Patient data and risk factors of 30-day mortality
Variable All (n=112) Survivors (n=105) Non-survivors (n=8) P Value
Demographics
Age (y) 62.99 ± 8.20 62.18 ± 7.89 73.50 ± 3.74 <0.001
>=60 80 (71.43%) 72 (69.23%) 8 (100.00%) 0.063
BMI 24.17 ± 4.00 24.02 ± 4.05 26.16 ± 2.92 0.09
Male Gender 66 (58.93%) 65 (62.50%) 1 (12.50%) 0.006
Co-morbidities
Smoking History 45 (40.18%) 44 (42.31%) 1 (12.50%) 0.097
Alcohol drinking history 22 (19.64%) 21 (20.19%) 1 (12.50%) 0.598
Hypertension 68 (60.71%) 62 (59.62%) 6 (75.00%) 0.391
Diabetes 39 (34.82%) 34 (32.69%) 5 (62.50%) 0.088
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 1 (0.89%) 1 (0.96%) 0 (0.00%) 0.781
Previous Cerebrovascular accident 7 (6.25%) 4 (3.85%) 3 (37.50%) <0.001
Serum Creatinine > 200 22 (19.64%) 18 (17.31%) 4 (50.00%) 0.025
Arrhythmia
Atrial Fibrillation 4 (3.57%) 3 (2.88%) 1 (12.50%) 0.158
Ventricular Tachycardia 2 (1.79%) 2 (1.92%) 0 (0.00%) 0.692
Atrioventricular Block 3 (2.68%) 2 (1.92%) 1 (12.50%) 0.074
Acuity
AMI-VSR time interval (d) 6.36 ± 6.14 6.48 ± 6.32 4.88 ± 3.23 0.481
AMI-Hospital time interval (d) 63.17 ± 176.66 66.87 ± 182.83 15.12 ± 13.29 0.036
AMI-Surgery time interval (d) 88.87 ± 180.65 93.69 ± 186.60 26.12 ± 15.70 <0.001
Acute Phase (<=7d) 1 (0.89%) 0 (0.00%) 1 (12.50%) <0.001
Healing Phase (8~28d) 14 (12.50%) 11 (10.58%) 3 (37.50%) <0.001
Healed Phase (>28d) 97 (86.61%) 93 (89.42%) 4 (50.00%) <0.001
Thrombolysis 15 (13.39%) 15 (14.42%) 0 (0.00%) 0.248
PCI 30 (26.79%) 29 (27.88%) 1 (12.50%) 0.344
Vasoconstrictor 71 (63.39%) 63 (60.58%) 8 (100.00%) 0.026
Preoperative IABP 46 (41.07%) 38 (36.54%) 8 (100.00%) <0.001
Preoperative Mechanical Ventilation 2 (1.79%) 1 (0.96%) 1 (12.50%) 0.018
Critical Preoperative Status 49 (43.75%) 41 (39.42%) 8 (100.00%) <0.001
EuroSCORE 13.20 ± 4.61 12.63 ± 4.24 20.50 ± 2.56 <0.001
Angiography 0.91
Normal 5 (4.46%) 5 (4.81%) 0 (0.00%)
One-branch lesions 23 (20.54%) 22 (21.15%) 1 (12.50%)
Two-branch lesions 43 (38.39%) 39 (37.50%) 4 (50.00%)
Three-branch lesions 35 (31.25%) 32 (30.77%) 3 (37.50%)
Left main+two-branch lesions 1 (0.89%) 1 (0.96%) 0 (0.00%)
Left main+three-branch lesions 5 (4.46%) 5 (4.81%) 0 (0.00%)
Echocardiography
Location of MI 0.456
Anterior wall 86 (76.79%) 79 (75.96%) 7 (87.50%)
Posterior Wall or Inferior Wall 26 (23.21%) 25 (24.04%) 1 (12.50%)
Combined with Ventricular Aneurysm 79 (70.54%) 75 (72.12%) 4 (50.00%) 0.186
Location of Rupture 0.261
Anterior Septum 8 (7.14%) 7 (6.73%) 1 (12.50%)
Posterior Septum 23 (20.54%) 23 (22.12%) 0 (0.00%)
Cardiac Apex 81 (72.32%) 74 (71.15%) 7 (87.50%)
Rupture Size 13.20 ± 5.05 13.07 ± 5.11 14.88 ± 4.09 0.185
Rupture Enlargement 3.88 ± 4.83 3.53 ± 4.65 8.35± 5.10 0.006
Rupture Enlargement Rate 0.20 ± 0.37 0.17 ± 0.30 0.63 ± 0.73 <0.001
LVEF 49.29 ± 10.14 49.37 ± 10.03 48.38 ± 12.15 0.791
Surgical Status <0.001
Emergency Operation 16 (14.29%) 11 (10.58%) 5 (62.50%)
Uegent Operation 57 (50.89%) 54 (51.92%) 3 (37.50%)
Elective Operation 39 (34.82%) 39 (37.50%) 0 (0.00%)
Operative Characteristics
Repair Method 0.546
Patch 80 (71.43%) 73 (70.19%) 7 (87.50%)
Direct Suture 17 (15.18%) 17 (16.35%) 0 (0.00%)
Exclusion 10 (8.93%) 9 (8.65%) 1 (12.50%)
Percutaneous Closure 5 (4.46%) 5 (4.81%) 0 (0.00%)
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time (min) 114.63 ± 56.06 109.14 ± 47.11 186.00 ± 104.48 <0.001
Aortic Clamping Time (min) 77.56 ± 36.83 74.97 ± 34.74 111.25 ± 48.58 0.007
Concomitant CABG 66 (58.93%) 61 (58.65%) 5 (62.50%) 0.831
Concomitant Mitral Repair 5 (4.46%) 5 (4.81%) 0 (0.00%) 0.526
Postoperative Outcomes
Postoperative Ventilation Time (h) 58.80 ± 95.88 43.12 ± 50.57 262.62 ± 238.78 <0.001
ICU Stay (d) 6.95 ± 7.01 6.04 ± 5.00 18.75 ± 15.50 <0.001
Postoperative IABP Time 1.78 ± 3.01 1.36 ± 2.30 7.25 ± 5.31 <0.001
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy 10 (8.93%) 7 (6.73%) 3 (37.50%) 0.003
Reoperation 6 (5.36%) 4 (3.85%) 2 (25.00%) 0.01
Postoperative Shunt 11 (9.82%) 8 (7.69%) 3 (37.50%) 0.006
Postoperative Cerebrovascular accident 1 (0.89%) 0 (0.00%) 1 (12.50%) <0.001
Postoperative Death 8 (7.14%) 0 (0.00%) 8 (100.00%) <0.001
Values are presented as means±SD or the number of patients or fractions of patients. BMI, body mass index; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; VSR, ventricular septal rupture; EuroSCORE, European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ICU, intensive care unit. Values are presented as means±SD or the number of patients or fractions of patients. BMI, body mass index; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; VSR, ventricular septal rupture; EuroSCORE, European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ICU, intensive care unit. Values are presented as means±SD or the number of patients or fractions of patients. BMI, body mass index; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; VSR, ventricular septal rupture; EuroSCORE, European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ICU, intensive care unit. Values are presented as means±SD or the number of patients or fractions of patients. BMI, body mass index; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; VSR, ventricular septal rupture; EuroSCORE, European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ICU, intensive care unit. Values are presented as means±SD or the number of patients or fractions of patients. BMI, body mass index; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; VSR, ventricular septal rupture; EuroSCORE, European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ICU, intensive care unit.