Variable | All (n=112) | Survivors (n=105) | Non-survivors (n=8) | P Value |
Demographics | ||||
Age (y) | 62.99 ± 8.20 | 62.18 ± 7.89 | 73.50 ± 3.74 | <0.001 |
>=60 | 80 (71.43%) | 72 (69.23%) | 8 (100.00%) | 0.063 |
BMI | 24.17 ± 4.00 | 24.02 ± 4.05 | 26.16 ± 2.92 | 0.09 |
Male Gender | 66 (58.93%) | 65 (62.50%) | 1 (12.50%) | 0.006 |
Co-morbidities | ||||
Smoking History | 45 (40.18%) | 44 (42.31%) | 1 (12.50%) | 0.097 |
Alcohol drinking history | 22 (19.64%) | 21 (20.19%) | 1 (12.50%) | 0.598 |
Hypertension | 68 (60.71%) | 62 (59.62%) | 6 (75.00%) | 0.391 |
Diabetes | 39 (34.82%) | 34 (32.69%) | 5 (62.50%) | 0.088 |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 1 (0.89%) | 1 (0.96%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.781 |
Previous Cerebrovascular accident | 7 (6.25%) | 4 (3.85%) | 3 (37.50%) | <0.001 |
Serum Creatinine > 200 | 22 (19.64%) | 18 (17.31%) | 4 (50.00%) | 0.025 |
Arrhythmia | ||||
Atrial Fibrillation | 4 (3.57%) | 3 (2.88%) | 1 (12.50%) | 0.158 |
Ventricular Tachycardia | 2 (1.79%) | 2 (1.92%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.692 |
Atrioventricular Block | 3 (2.68%) | 2 (1.92%) | 1 (12.50%) | 0.074 |
Acuity | ||||
AMI-VSR time interval (d) | 6.36 ± 6.14 | 6.48 ± 6.32 | 4.88 ± 3.23 | 0.481 |
AMI-Hospital time interval (d) | 63.17 ± 176.66 | 66.87 ± 182.83 | 15.12 ± 13.29 | 0.036 |
AMI-Surgery time interval (d) | 88.87 ± 180.65 | 93.69 ± 186.60 | 26.12 ± 15.70 | <0.001 |
Acute Phase (<=7d) | 1 (0.89%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (12.50%) | <0.001 |
Healing Phase (8~28d) | 14 (12.50%) | 11 (10.58%) | 3 (37.50%) | <0.001 |
Healed Phase (>28d) | 97 (86.61%) | 93 (89.42%) | 4 (50.00%) | <0.001 |
Thrombolysis | 15 (13.39%) | 15 (14.42%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.248 |
PCI | 30 (26.79%) | 29 (27.88%) | 1 (12.50%) | 0.344 |
Vasoconstrictor | 71 (63.39%) | 63 (60.58%) | 8 (100.00%) | 0.026 |
Preoperative IABP | 46 (41.07%) | 38 (36.54%) | 8 (100.00%) | <0.001 |
Preoperative Mechanical Ventilation | 2 (1.79%) | 1 (0.96%) | 1 (12.50%) | 0.018 |
Critical Preoperative Status | 49 (43.75%) | 41 (39.42%) | 8 (100.00%) | <0.001 |
EuroSCORE | 13.20 ± 4.61 | 12.63 ± 4.24 | 20.50 ± 2.56 | <0.001 |
Angiography | 0.91 | |||
Normal | 5 (4.46%) | 5 (4.81%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
One-branch lesions | 23 (20.54%) | 22 (21.15%) | 1 (12.50%) | |
Two-branch lesions | 43 (38.39%) | 39 (37.50%) | 4 (50.00%) | |
Three-branch lesions | 35 (31.25%) | 32 (30.77%) | 3 (37.50%) | |
Left main+two-branch lesions | 1 (0.89%) | 1 (0.96%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Left main+three-branch lesions | 5 (4.46%) | 5 (4.81%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Echocardiography | ||||
Location of MI | 0.456 | |||
Anterior wall | 86 (76.79%) | 79 (75.96%) | 7 (87.50%) | |
Posterior Wall or Inferior Wall | 26 (23.21%) | 25 (24.04%) | 1 (12.50%) | |
Combined with Ventricular Aneurysm | 79 (70.54%) | 75 (72.12%) | 4 (50.00%) | 0.186 |
Location of Rupture | 0.261 | |||
Anterior Septum | 8 (7.14%) | 7 (6.73%) | 1 (12.50%) | |
Posterior Septum | 23 (20.54%) | 23 (22.12%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Cardiac Apex | 81 (72.32%) | 74 (71.15%) | 7 (87.50%) | |
Rupture Size | 13.20 ± 5.05 | 13.07 ± 5.11 | 14.88 ± 4.09 | 0.185 |
Rupture Enlargement | 3.88 ± 4.83 | 3.53 ± 4.65 | 8.35± 5.10 | 0.006 |
Rupture Enlargement Rate | 0.20 ± 0.37 | 0.17 ± 0.30 | 0.63 ± 0.73 | <0.001 |
LVEF | 49.29 ± 10.14 | 49.37 ± 10.03 | 48.38 ± 12.15 | 0.791 |
Surgical Status | <0.001 | |||
Emergency Operation | 16 (14.29%) | 11 (10.58%) | 5 (62.50%) | |
Uegent Operation | 57 (50.89%) | 54 (51.92%) | 3 (37.50%) | |
Elective Operation | 39 (34.82%) | 39 (37.50%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Operative Characteristics | ||||
Repair Method | 0.546 | |||
Patch | 80 (71.43%) | 73 (70.19%) | 7 (87.50%) | |
Direct Suture | 17 (15.18%) | 17 (16.35%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Exclusion | 10 (8.93%) | 9 (8.65%) | 1 (12.50%) | |
Percutaneous Closure | 5 (4.46%) | 5 (4.81%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time (min) | 114.63 ± 56.06 | 109.14 ± 47.11 | 186.00 ± 104.48 | <0.001 |
Aortic Clamping Time (min) | 77.56 ± 36.83 | 74.97 ± 34.74 | 111.25 ± 48.58 | 0.007 |
Concomitant CABG | 66 (58.93%) | 61 (58.65%) | 5 (62.50%) | 0.831 |
Concomitant Mitral Repair | 5 (4.46%) | 5 (4.81%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.526 |
Postoperative Outcomes | ||||
Postoperative Ventilation Time (h) | 58.80 ± 95.88 | 43.12 ± 50.57 | 262.62 ± 238.78 | <0.001 |
ICU Stay (d) | 6.95 ± 7.01 | 6.04 ± 5.00 | 18.75 ± 15.50 | <0.001 |
Postoperative IABP Time | 1.78 ± 3.01 | 1.36 ± 2.30 | 7.25 ± 5.31 | <0.001 |
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy | 10 (8.93%) | 7 (6.73%) | 3 (37.50%) | 0.003 |
Reoperation | 6 (5.36%) | 4 (3.85%) | 2 (25.00%) | 0.01 |
Postoperative Shunt | 11 (9.82%) | 8 (7.69%) | 3 (37.50%) | 0.006 |
Postoperative Cerebrovascular accident | 1 (0.89%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (12.50%) | <0.001 |
Postoperative Death | 8 (7.14%) | 0 (0.00%) | 8 (100.00%) | <0.001 |
Values are presented as means±SD or the number of patients or fractions of patients. BMI, body mass index; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; VSR, ventricular septal rupture; EuroSCORE, European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ICU, intensive care unit. | Values are presented as means±SD or the number of patients or fractions of patients. BMI, body mass index; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; VSR, ventricular septal rupture; EuroSCORE, European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ICU, intensive care unit. | Values are presented as means±SD or the number of patients or fractions of patients. BMI, body mass index; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; VSR, ventricular septal rupture; EuroSCORE, European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ICU, intensive care unit. | Values are presented as means±SD or the number of patients or fractions of patients. BMI, body mass index; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; VSR, ventricular septal rupture; EuroSCORE, European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ICU, intensive care unit. | Values are presented as means±SD or the number of patients or fractions of patients. BMI, body mass index; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; VSR, ventricular septal rupture; EuroSCORE, European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ICU, intensive care unit. |