Patient selection
Women with anal incontinence unresponsive to conservative treatment with a history of OASI or unrecognized/occult OASI as evident by endoanal ultrasound were included in the study if they underwent a transvaginal AS repair from July 2005 to July 2020. Women with concurrent rectovaginal fistula and AS repair were excluded from the main results and analysed as a separate group. Patients with inadequate data, and those who failed to attend follow up were excluded from the study.