E(e)SEEDi
(healthy or unhealthy)
|
Linkage to T2D risk (lower or increase)
|
Environment
(external or self-internal)
|
Clinical studies confirmed that long-term exposure to air pollution
links to the increased risk of both CVD and T2D
[29-33].29-33 And increased
transportation noise and e-noise exposures are associated with a
greater risk of T2D [34-36]. Early growth status (short length and /
or thinness at birth and during infancy) also links to T2D
[37].
|
Sleep |
Sleep breathing disorders (severe obstructive sleep apnea, OSA)
may add the risk of T2D [38]. |
Emotion |
Work-related psychosocial stress may increase the risk of T2D
[39]. |
Exercise |
Aerobic physical activity is associated with reduced risk of
T2D and the higher levels of muscle-strengthening activities, the lower
risk of T2D [40]. For example, leisure-time running is associated
with a lower risk of developing T2D in adults [41]. |
Diet |
Smoking (nicotine intake) increases the risk of T2D, but there is
a protective role of habitual intake of filtered coffee on T2D
development [42,43]. |