FIGURE LEGENDSFIGURE 1: Schematic diagram of an automatic ALE system and typical results of the continuous adaptive evolution for high crude glycerol toleranceFIGURE 2: Fed-batch fermentations of C. pasteurianum C8 using pure glycerol and crude glycerol as substrates. (A) pure glycerol + pulse feeding; (B) crude glycerol + pulse feeding; (C) crude glycerol + continuous feeding.FIGURE 3: Initial tolerance test of C. pasteurianum C8 to crude glycerolFIGURE 4: Fed-batch fermentations of adapted C. pasteurianum using crude glycerol as substrate. (A) 80 g/L crude glycerol + pulse feeding in 1L bioreactor; (B) 80 g/L crude glycerol + continuous feeding in 1L bioreactor; (C) 120 g/L crude glycerol + continuous feeding in 1L bioreactor; (D) 80 g/L crude glycerol + continuous feeding in 1 m3 bioreactor.FIGURE 5: Effects of temperature (A and B), catalyst loading (C) and water content (D) on the esterification conversion of acetic acid and butyric acid with methanolFIGURE 6: Effect of different alcohols on the esterification conversion of organic acids (A) and polyols (B)FIGURE 7: Flow diagram of industrial process for the co-production of PDO and organic acid esters. 1. Crude glycerol fermentation broth; 2. Permeate from ultrafiltration of fermentation broth; 3. Dewatered fermentation broth; 4. Mixture of dewatered broth and acidified methanol; 5. Mixture after esterification; 6. Recycled methanol solution containing MA and MB; 7. Residue after polishing purification; 8. Cosmetic grade or fiber grade PDO; 9. Residual glycerol from PDO distillation.FIGURE 1