Patient population
This was a retrospective study, patients who underwent closures of
secundum ASD with the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO, AGA Medical
Corporation, Golden Valley, N, USA) successfully from March 2016 to
February 2020 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were enrolled in
this study. The transesophageal echocardiography was performed by
experienced investigators. Patients with arrhythmias, poor quality of
transesophageal echocardiographic images or lack of complete clinical
data as the size of ASO were excluded. A total of 40 patients had both
2D-TEE images and 3D-TEE images of high quality in our hospital database
were finally considered for this study, of which 4 cases with
double-hole, secundum ASD and 36 cases with isolated secundum ASD. All
patients have complete clinical medical records. Baseline
characteristics of the study population are reported in Table1.The study protocols were approved by the ethics committee at Renmin
Hospital of Wuhan University. All patients or legal guardians gave their
informed consent to study inclusion.