2.1 Patients and dosage regimen
We set two typical patients with normal and impaired renal function (creatinine clearance [CrCl] of 80 and 40 ml/min, respectively). Detailed demographic and dosage information are listed in Table 1. We considered the patients age to be 75 years-old based on the reported median age of NVAF21 . Typical patients and related dose regimens for simulation were developed based on the consensus of US FDA package insert, European Medicines Agency leaflet, and European Society of Cardiology 2020 guideline. The standard dose of edoxaban for NVAF is 60 mg daily. Dose needs to be reduced to 30mg daily in patients with CrCl between15 and 50 mL/min 13, 14, 22.