294 patients with FTLB were included, vast majority of whom were adolescents and young adults (97%) and 87% were females. 70% of patients presented with rapid symptom progression, spontaneous remission was noted in 20% of cases. From the phenomenological perspective, 85% demonstrated complex movements and 81% complex vocalizations. Only one fifth had preexisting tic disorder, 66% had comorbid anxiety, around 30% depression, followed by autism found in 24% and ADHD in 23%. Again, high number (60%) reported exposure to social media. 
Diagnostic agreement in assessing FTLB was examined by asking eight experts in diagnosing and treating patients with tics to evaluate videos from 24 adults and diagnose them with either functional tics, primary tics or both \citep{Rigas2023}. The diagnostic agreement was fair based on phenomenology alone, and increased to moderate when additional clinical information was provided. The diagnostic distinction between primary and functional tics is shown to be difficult in the absence of clinical information.
Two groups reported long-term prognosis in patients with FTLB  \cite{Nilles2024,Prato2022a} . Prato et al. (2022) found that at 12 month follow up both FTLB as well as anxiety significantly improved, while OCD and depressive symptoms persisted. Nilles et al. (2024) observed a meaningful improvement of FTLB over a period of12 months suggesting an overall good prognosis.

Comorbidities

\citet{Sadeh2023} examined the presence of depressive symptoms in a cohort of 85 children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders (CTD), aged 6-18 years, with the Child Depression Inventory. In total, 21% had depressive symptoms and the presence of depressive symptoms was correlated with the presence of comorbid OCD and/or ADHD. Furthermore, symptoms of depression moderated the correlation between tic-related impairment and tic severity. Therefore, the authors suggest that it is important to screen and treat depression in children with CTD. 
The presence of depression and anxiety were assessed in several other studies. \citet{Isaacs2023} examined a population of 120 adult patients with CTD with several scales as part of routine care. Symptoms of anxiety were more common than depressive symptoms. Anxiety, depressive and OCD symptom severity were significantly associated to each other, but not to tic severity. In a systematic review and meta-analysis including twelve studies from 1997-2022,  the prevalence of anxiety and depression was found to be 36.4 % and 53.5 % respectively \citep{Abbasi2023}.
Koenn et al. (2023) examined impulsivity in its muldimensional aspects (Koenn et al., 2023a). They compared 16 patients with OCD, 14 patients with TS and 28 healthy subjects using the self-assessment with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale- BIS-11 (attentional, motor, non-planning) and a behavioural test with a continuous performance test (sustained attention, working memory, and cognitive impulsivity). Both patients with OCD and patients with TS showed significant deficits in attention via self-assessment, but no difference was observed on the behavioral test. The severity of tics was strongly correlated with attentional impulsivity. The authors conclude that a detailed interpretation of the various tools for measuring impulsive behavior is necessary.