Odds ratio for preeclampsia and gestational hypertension
The results of univariable and multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrating the association of maternal racial origin with PE and GH are shown in Table 2. The univariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that first, women of black racial origin, compared with white women, had significantly higher rates of all PE, preterm PE, early PE and GH, second, women of South Asian origin, compared with white women, had significantly higher rates of preterm PE and early PE, but not all PE or GH, third, women of East Asian origin, compared with white women, had significantly lower rate of GH, but not significantly different rates for all PE, preterm PE or early PE, and fourth, women of mixed origin, compared with white women, had no significantly different rates for all PE, preterm PE, early PE or GH.
The odds ratio for all PE, preterm PE, early PE and GH in black women, compared to white women, after adjustment for elements of maternal characteristics and medical history was 1.99 (95% CI 1.85, 2.14), 2.58 (95% CI 2.25, 2.96), 3.15 (95% CI 2.57, 3.86) and 1.24 (95% CI 1.14, 1.34), respectively. In South Asian women there was a significant increase in PE <37 weeks (odds ratio 1.52, 95% CI 1.15, 1.97) and PE <34 weeks (odds ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.24, 2.64), but no significant difference from white women in total PE or GH. In women of East Asian and mixed racial origin there was no significant difference from white women in PE or GH.
The multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that in addition to black racial origin, increased risk for PE was provided by increasing maternal age and weight, conception by IVF, history of chronic hypertension and diabetes type 1, family history of PE and previous pregnancy affected by PE; the risk for PE decreased with increasing height, cigarette smoking, and previous birth of small for gestational age neonate. Similar findings were observed for GH, except for conception by IVF and history of chronic hypertension and diabetes, which did not have a significant contribution.