3.5 Isorhamnetin restored AngII-induced atrial enlargement and related gene expression in AF model mice
Left atrial enlargement is closely related to structural remodeling. To confirm the suppressive effect of isorhamnetin on atrial enlargement, an echocardiography study was performed. LAD was calculated from the B-mode images (Fig. 5A). Isorhamnetin significantly restored the AngII-induced enlargement of the LAD (Fig. 5B). However, AngII and isorhamnetin did not cause significant changes in ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) compared to the control group (Table 1). In addition, atrial weight (AW) and body weight (BW) were assessed in all three groups (Fig. 5C). AngII remarkably increased AW/BW, but this effect was reversed by isorhamnetin. Moreover, the AngII-induced elevation in the expression levels of natriuretic peptide B (Nppb ), a cardiac hypertrophic marker, was significantly reversed by isorhamnetin treatment (Fig. 5D).