2.5 Echocardiography
Echocardiography was performed using a Doppler echocardiography system
(Vevo 2100; Visual Sonics, Toronto, Canada), and mice were anesthetized
with 1% isoflurane inhalation during the examination. The left atrial
diameter (LAD) was then calculated using B-mode images, and the other
parameters were calculated at the end of systole and diastole using
M-mode images.