4.5 Potential limitations
In this study, the AngII-induced AF mouse model had limitations in its ability to evaluate arrhythmic substrates related to clinical AF. Other models, such as myocardial infarction-induced AF and burst pacing-induced AF, will need to be investigated in future studies. Furthermore, the application of this study to larger mammals should also be considered, and an applied study involving patients with AF is indispensable. Additionally, although no serious side effects of isorhamnetin have been reported, an appropriate dosage should also be considered in studies involving humans.