Supplementary materials
Figure S1 Sensitivity analyses. The results indicated that none of the studies had a significant impact on the effects with regard to the outcomes mentioned above.
Figure S2 Funnel plots of observational studies of asthma exposures and diabetes.
Figure S3 Scatter plot and Forest plot. A: Scatter plot of SNP potential effects of childhood asthma and the risk of T1DM, with the slope of each line corresponding to estimated MR effect per method; B: Forest plot of the MR-based effect sizes of childhood asthma exposure instruments on FinnGen T1DM outcome.
Note: SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism; IVW: inverse variance weighted method.
Figure S4 Scatter plot and Forest plot. A: Scatter plot of SNP potential effects of T1DM and the risk of childhood asthma, with the slope of each line corresponding to estimated MR effect per method; B: Forest plot of the MR-based effect sizes of T1DM exposure instruments on FinnGen childhood asthma outcome.
Note: SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism; IVW: inverse variance weighted method.