Conclusion
In summary, in vitro and in vivo data provided evidence
that GS from Panax ginseng promoted aerobic cellular respiration
and SIRT1-mediated mitochondrial biosynthesis in cardiomyocytes and
neurons. Major ginsenoside monomers, such as Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re,
Rf, or Rg1, in GS were found to activate mitochondrial respiration and
SIRT1 pathway to promote energy metabolism. This study provides new
insights into the extensive application of ginseng for cardiac and
neurological protection in healthy subjects and patients with ischemic
disorders.