Cell culture
H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte, PC12 rat adrenal pheochromocytoma, L6/C2C12
rat/mouse skeletal muscle myoblast, human umbilical vein endothelial
cells (HUVECs), THP-1 human acute monocytic leukemia cell lines were
purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA).
The 16-HBE human bronchial epithelial cell line was kindly provided by
Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Primary
neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, cortical neurons, or BMSCs were isolated,
established, and identified as our previous protocols
(Huang et al., 2018;
Jin et al., 2020;
Louch, Sheehan & Wolska, 2011). BMSCs
were kept in medium with 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, 50 μg/mL ascorbate,
and 100 nM dexamethasone for 14 days to differentiate into the
osteoblasts (Jin et al., 2020). All cells
were cultured in appropriate medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum
(CLARK Bioscience, Claymont, DE, USA) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin
(Biosharp, Hefei, China) and incubated at 37°C in a water-saturated
atmosphere of 5% CO2. All cell lines tested negative
for mycoplasma contamination. Detailed information for cell culture is
described in Supplementary Table 1 .