Abbreviations:
ATP adenosine triphosphate
HK-I/II hexokinase I/II
PFK-1 phosphofructokinase-1
PK pyruvate kinase
MPC mitochondrial pyruvate carrier
PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase
TCA tricarboxylic acid
NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
FADH2 flavin adenine dinucleotide
ETC electron transport chain
OGD oxygen-glucose deprivation
NAD+ Oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
SIRT1 sirtuin 1
PGC-1α peroxisome proliferator initiated receptor gamma and coactivator 1 alpha
Nrf-1 nuclear respiratory factor-1
I/R ischemia/reperfusion
GS total ginsenosides
OCR oxygen consumption rate
MRC mitochondrial respiration capacity
CS citrate synthase
IDH1/2 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2
DLST dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase
SDHA succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A
ACO2 aconitase 2
GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase
PFKP platelet-type phosphofructokinase
HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography
NAM Nicotinamide
LC-MS liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
BMSCs bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
HUVECs human umbilical vein endothelial cells
qPCR Quantitative PCR