Bullet points:
What is already known: Ginsenosides, one of the major bioactive constituents of Panax ginseng, have been extensively used due to their diverse beneficial effects on healthy subjects and patients with different diseases.
What this study adds: Total ginsenosides enhances mitochondrial respiration capacity, ATP production and promotes NAD+-dependent SIRT1 activation to increase mitochondrial biosynthesis in cardiomyocytes and neurons. Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rc, Rh1, Rb2, and Rb3 are major ginsenoside monomers for SIRT1 activation and enhanced energy metabolism.
Clinical significance: This study may provide new insights into the extensive application of ginseng for cardiac and neurological protection in healthy subjects and patients with ischemic disorders.