Quantification of ATP and NAD/NADH levels
According to the manufacturer’s instructions, the contents of ATP,
NAD+, and NADH in the cells of different groups were
detected using the ATP Assay System Bioluminescence Detection Kit
(FF2000; Promega, Madison, WI, USA) and NAD/NADH-Glo Assay Kit (G9071;
Promega). Meanwhile, the levels of cellular ATP, and
NAD+ were measured by the multiple reaction monitoring
MS (MRM-MS).