Average muscle activation for all participants (n = 34, 66 paired trials) as a percentage of MVC for maximum (a), mean (b) and area (c) in the left abductor pollicis and mean for the left brachioradialis (d), left flexor carpi ulnaris (e) and left extensor carpi radialis (f) for the bare catheter and with the torque tool. Additionally, average muscle activation for interventional participants (n =14, 28 paired trials) as a percentage of MVC for mean in the left abductor pollicis (g) and left brachioradialis (h). Muscle activity is significantly reduced with the torque tool.