Comprehensive approach |
●The technical method (pipelines introducing
surface water to the bottom of the lake) was combined with biological
(mineralizing bacteria) and chemical (phosphorus inactivation) methods |
The lake Miłkowskie, Poland |
●The amount of total biogenic element
amount in the lake’s water volume and in the circulation of matter in
water is reduced. This solution limits the development of phytoplankton |
2018 |
(Grochowska 2020) |
(Kangro et al. 2005; Søndergaard
et al. 2007; Søndergaard et al. 2008; Dittrich et
al. 2011; Özkundakci et al. 2011) |
CB |
●The CB included creating submerged plant, fish, macrobenthos, and
zooplankton communities |
The lake Dongpo, China |
●Water quality and
clarity were substantially improved, and nutrient concentrations,
particularly total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and Chl-a were
significantly reduced |
2015 |
(Chen et al. 2020b) |
(Mehner
et al. 2002; Desai et al. 2007; Montemezzani et al.
2015; Zeng et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2018; Bi et al.
2019; Jůza et al. 2019) |
Ecohydrological restoration approach |
●The approach included hybrid
systems, SSBS, floating islands, landform adjusted shoreline vegetation
and plant harvesting |
The river Bzura, Poland |
●Restoration improved
most of the water quality indicators. 4 years after restoration, the
concentrations of the total forms of nutrients and ammonium were still
considerably lower than before restoration. |
2013 |
(Jurczak et
al. 2019a) |
(Iamchaturapatr et al. 2007; Lynch et al.
2015; Zalewski 2015; Jurczak et al. 2018; Szklarek et al.
2018; Jurczak et al. 2019b) |
Geoengineering approach (oxygen nanobubbles) |
●Oxygen-carrying
materials modified from natural zeolites were used as capping agents and
an oxygen-locking layer consists of oxygen-carrying materials and the
oxidized sediment was formed between anoxic sediment and overlying water |
The lake Taihu, China |
●The DO in overlying water improved instantly
from around 1.5 mg/L to 3.5-4 mg/L and 5-6 mg/L in the systems with
algal blooms and without algal blooms, respectively |
2017 |
(Zhang
et al. 2020) |
(Spears et al. 2014; Huser et al.
2016; Wang et al. 2020c; Patel et al. 2021; Zhang et
al. 2021) |
GAFI |
●The GAFI was combined the advantageous components for AFI with
an aerator device powered by a solar system |
The lake Lize, China |
●The dissolved oxygen and oxygen reduction potential were increasing
when the GAFI was used, and the NH3–N,
NO3–N and NO2–N were effectively
decreased |
2012 |
(Lu et al. 2015) |
(Chang et al. 2014a;
Chang et al. 2014b; Chang et al. 2014c; Chen et al.
2014; Yeh et al. 2015; Chang et al. 2017; Kirimtat &
Krejcar 2018; Fonseca Largo et al. 2020; Wang et al.
2020b; Li et al. 2021) |
IEM (Soil ball-making) |
●Calcium oxide, silicon dioxide and citrate
buffer were added to the soil balls to increase the hardness and pH |
The wetland Dalseong, Republic of
Korea |
●The soil ball with 0.75 % hardener and neutral pH (pH 7.3)
effectively improved the water quality of the ponds, lakes, and streams |
2015 |
(Park et al. 2016) |
(Szymanski & Patterson 2003;
Zakaria et al. 2010; Shalaby 2011; Mielczarek et al. 2013;
Sitarek et al. 2017; Dondajewska et al. 2019b; Sharip
et al. 2020; Dobrzyński et al. 2022) |
Sustainable approach
|
●Physical (hypolimnion aeration by means of wind-driven aerator),
chemical (phosphorus and ammonium N precipitation with small doses of
compounds) and biological methods (supportive stocking with the fry of
predatory species). The direction
of spring waters containing high concentration of nitrates to the
deoxygenated bottom of the lake
|
The lake Uzarzewskie, Poland
|
●A reduction of the biomass as well as lower chlorophyll-a content (from
ca 60 mg m-3 prior the restoration to 9-14 mg
m-3 after 10 years) and higher water transparency (2 m
on average). Cyanobacteria were replaced by diatoms, dinoflagellates and
chrysophytes
|
2009
|
(Dondajewska et al. 2019a)
|
(Deppe & Benndorf 2002; Hansen et al. 2003; Kowalczewska-Madura
et al. 2018; Podsiadłowski et al. 2018; Dondajewska-Pielka
et al. 2020)
|
LCW
|
●Waterflows by gravity through the marsh
flow-way. It enters each of the independently operated cells via gated
culverts.
|
The Lake Apopka, USA
|
●The system removed TP over annual periods. The
Marsh flow way provide important functions within restoration programs
that help improve eutrophic lake conditions
|
2003
|
(Dunne et al. 2012)
|
(Lee et al. 2009; Dunne et al. 2013; Martín et al.
2013; Yang et al. 2020a)
|