Approach BDA LC Effect Year Citation SR
Comprehensive approach ●The technical method (pipelines introducing surface water to the bottom of the lake) was combined with biological (mineralizing bacteria) and chemical (phosphorus inactivation) methods The lake Miłkowskie, Poland ●The amount of total biogenic element amount in the lake’s water volume and in the circulation of matter in water is reduced. This solution limits the development of phytoplankton 2018 (Grochowska 2020) (Kangro et al. 2005; Søndergaard et al. 2007; Søndergaard et al. 2008; Dittrich et al. 2011; Özkundakci et al. 2011)
CB ●The CB included creating submerged plant, fish, macrobenthos, and zooplankton communities The lake Dongpo, China ●Water quality and clarity were substantially improved, and nutrient concentrations, particularly total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and Chl-a were significantly reduced 2015 (Chen et al. 2020b) (Mehner et al. 2002; Desai et al. 2007; Montemezzani et al. 2015; Zeng et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2018; Bi et al. 2019; Jůza et al. 2019)
Ecohydrological restoration approach ●The approach included hybrid systems, SSBS, floating islands, landform adjusted shoreline vegetation and plant harvesting The river Bzura, Poland ●Restoration improved most of the water quality indicators. 4 years after restoration, the concentrations of the total forms of nutrients and ammonium were still considerably lower than before restoration. 2013 (Jurczak et al. 2019a) (Iamchaturapatr et al. 2007; Lynch et al. 2015; Zalewski 2015; Jurczak et al. 2018; Szklarek et al. 2018; Jurczak et al. 2019b)
Geoengineering approach (oxygen nanobubbles) ●Oxygen-carrying materials modified from natural zeolites were used as capping agents and an oxygen-locking layer consists of oxygen-carrying materials and the oxidized sediment was formed between anoxic sediment and overlying water The lake Taihu, China ●The DO in overlying water improved instantly from around 1.5 mg/L to 3.5-4 mg/L and 5-6 mg/L in the systems with algal blooms and without algal blooms, respectively 2017 (Zhang et al. 2020) (Spears et al. 2014; Huser et al. 2016; Wang et al. 2020c; Patel et al. 2021; Zhang et al. 2021)
GAFI ●The GAFI was combined the advantageous components for AFI with an aerator device powered by a solar system The lake Lize, China ●The dissolved oxygen and oxygen reduction potential were increasing when the GAFI was used, and the NH3–N, NO3–N and NO2–N were effectively decreased 2012 (Lu et al. 2015) (Chang et al. 2014a; Chang et al. 2014b; Chang et al. 2014c; Chen et al. 2014; Yeh et al. 2015; Chang et al. 2017; Kirimtat & Krejcar 2018; Fonseca Largo et al. 2020; Wang et al. 2020b; Li et al. 2021)
IEM (Soil ball-making) ●Calcium oxide, silicon dioxide and citrate buffer were added to the soil balls to increase the hardness and pH The wetland Dalseong, Republic of Korea ●The soil ball with 0.75 % hardener and neutral pH (pH 7.3) effectively improved the water quality of the ponds, lakes, and streams 2015 (Park et al. 2016) (Szymanski & Patterson 2003; Zakaria et al. 2010; Shalaby 2011; Mielczarek et al. 2013; Sitarek et al. 2017; Dondajewska et al. 2019b; Sharip et al. 2020; Dobrzyński et al. 2022)
Sustainable approach
●Physical (hypolimnion aeration by means of wind-driven aerator), chemical (phosphorus and ammonium N precipitation with small doses of compounds) and biological methods (supportive stocking with the fry of predatory species). The direction of spring waters containing high concentration of nitrates to the deoxygenated bottom of the lake
The lake Uzarzewskie, Poland
●A reduction of the biomass as well as lower chlorophyll-a content (from ca 60 mg m-3 prior the restoration to 9-14 mg m-3 after 10 years) and higher water transparency (2 m on average). Cyanobacteria were replaced by diatoms, dinoflagellates and chrysophytes
2009
(Dondajewska et al. 2019a)
(Deppe & Benndorf 2002; Hansen et al. 2003; Kowalczewska-Madura et al. 2018; Podsiadłowski et al. 2018; Dondajewska-Pielka et al. 2020)
LCW
●Waterflows by gravity through the marsh flow-way. It enters each of the independently operated cells via gated culverts.
The Lake Apopka, USA
●The system removed TP over annual periods. The Marsh flow way provide important functions within restoration programs that help improve eutrophic lake conditions
2003
(Dunne et al. 2012)
(Lee et al. 2009; Dunne et al. 2013; Martín et al. 2013; Yang et al. 2020a)