Coding data
For the 1,716 records included, we recorded information on (1) species;
(2) experiments; and (3) references. Descriptions of each category are
described below. Each line coded was for a single experiment—a single
record could have multiple experiments and thus multiple rows. In total,
we had data for 3,315 experiments.
Species
We included phylum, class and species for each experiment. We also
recorded developmental mode: planktotrophic (i.e. planktonic, feeding
larvae); lecithotrophic (i.e. planktonic, non-feeding larvae); or direct
development (i.e. aplanktonic, crawl-away juveniles). We used the
package ‘taxize’ in R (v. 4.1.2) to search the Global Biodiversity
Information Facility (GBIF) database to identify species names in the
dataset that were synonyms—we then referred to each species using just
one name (Chamberlain & Szocs 2013).
Experiments
For each experiment, we recorded what traits were measured (Table S1)
for each life-history stage included: F0 adult, embryo,
larva, metamorphosis, juvenile, and F1 adult (Table S2;
Figure 2a). We also classified each experiment into one of three
experimental designs that depended on the number of stages included and
the unit of replication. The three experimental designs include: a
single stage of the life history (‘single stage’); multiple stages using
a cohort of individuals (‘cohort longitudinal’); and multiple stages
using individuals (‘individual longitudinal’). We also recorded whether
the experiment was conducted in the field or laboratory. Studies
conducted partially in the laboratory and field were classified overall
as field studies because the characterisation of phenotypes almost
inevitably required some laboratory work.
References
The reference for each experiment is included.