Figure 4: Selection coefficients (exp(βungulate
presence)) from step-selection functions assessing whether male and
female black bears made movements that placed them in 200-meter
proximity of parturient elk more often than expected by chance in
northeastern Oregon, 2016-2019. Dots represent point estimates for the
selection coefficient for elk presence and bars represent 95%
confidence intervals. The gray horizontal line at y = 1 indicates
indifference toward parturient elk; values above this line indicate
selection and values below the line indicate avoidance.