Characteristic Male, N = 26,7421 Female, N = 19,1681 p-value2
Age (years)
70 (62, 77) 74 (67, 79) <0.001
Body Mass Index (BMI)
27.9 (25.2, 31.1) 27.9 (24.6, 32.5) <0.001
Smoking
<0.001
Never 10,757 (40%) 11,195 (58%)
Ex-smoker 13,853 (52%) 6,704 (35%)
Current 2,132 (8.0%) 1,269 (6.6%)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
3,512 (13%) 2,981 (16%) <0.001
Cerebrovascular disease
<0.001
None 24,149 (90%) 17,501 (91%)
Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) 1,306 (4.9%) 959 (5.0%)
Stroke with recovery 751 (2.8%) 457 (2.4%)
Stroke with deficit 536 (2.0%) 251 (1.3%)
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
2,070 (7.7%) 1,138 (5.9%) <0.001
Diabetes Mellitus
0.004
None 21,916 (82%) 15,756 (82%)
Diet controlled 939 (3.5%) 727 (3.8%)
Tablet controlled 3,026 (11%) 2,005 (10%)
Insulin controlled 861 (3.2%) 680 (3.5%)
Hypertension
16,918 (63%) 12,420 (65%) <0.001
Creatinine >200mmol/ml
676 (2.5%) 195 (1.0%) <0.001
Atrial Fibrillation
3,802 (14%) 2,490 (13%) <0.001
Recent Myocardial Infraction (1 month)
549 (2.1%) 322 (1.7%) 0.004
Previous Cardiac Surgery
2,796 (10%) 1,332 (6.9%) <0.001
Previous Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
<0.001
None 25,192 (94%) 18,495 (96%)
<24 hours, same admission 40 (0.1%) 33 (0.2%)
>24 hours, same admission 38 (0.1%) 26 (0.1%)
>24 hours, previous admission 1,472 (5.5%) 614 (3.2%)
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
<0.001
Poor <30% 1,632 (6.1%) 628 (3.3%)
Moderate 30-50% 5,386 (20%) 2,654 (14%)
Good ≥50% 19,724 (74%) 15,886 (83%)
New York Heart Association Score
<0.001
1 3,867 (14%) 1,753 (9.1%)
2 10,929 (41%) 7,115 (37%)
3 10,132 (38%) 8,907 (46%)
4 1,814 (6.8%) 1,393 (7.3%)
Canadian Cardiovascular Society Score
0.024
0 16,210 (61%) 11,453 (60%)
1 3,423 (13%) 2,449 (13%)
2 5,053 (19%) 3,651 (19%)
3 1,659 (6.2%) 1,333 (7.0%)
4 397 (1.5%) 282 (1.5%)
Euroscore II Score
1.67 (1.17, 2.71) 1.99 (1.38, 3.07) <0.001
Urgency
<0.001
Elective 20,715 (77%) 15,649 (82%)
Urgent 6,027 (23%) 3,519 (18%)
Median (IQR); n (%) Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test Median (IQR); n (%) Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test Median (IQR); n (%) Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test Median (IQR); n (%) Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test