1 INTRODUCTION
In clinical settings for cancer patients, doctors may have experienced
strong rejection of a rational treatment because of patient’s fear of
severe adverse effects of the proposed treatments. If no more options
are available among the governmentally-approved treatments, we should
have to select unapproved but humane treatments for the patient without
considering health insurance. Autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine
(AFTV) is one of such treatment options that has been exceptionally
allowed in Japan and Germany. Here, we report on a patient with a stage
IV uterine carcinoma who initially rejected chemotherapy and anti-PD-1
antibody treatment despite the presence of apparent circulating tumor
cells (CTC) that were sensitive to paclitaxel and carboplatin and
carried microsatellite instability (MSI).