Figure 2. Representation of potential sources of uncertainty. The thick/grey arrows on top illustrate the propagation of uncertainty through the modelling process. The red symbols highlight example causes for uncertainty, such as: (a) interactions taking place at night (represented by the moon symbol) or in difficult to observe/monitor places, (b) incorrect assumptions about the presence or absence of species interactions and, (c) uncertainty in estimated parameters. Lastly, model uncertainty can be reduced through increasing transparency.