Figure 3. Example of hybrid model that combines a food web model (brown) and individual based model (IBM; blue) to represent a focal species (S3) in more detail. For each model iteration, values of the food web model components influence responses of individuals in the IBM, like movement, metabolism, excretions, fecundity, growth or behaviour. In turn, total changes in the population of the focal species (S3) produced by the IBM feed back into the food web model, affecting the species that interact with the focal species in the following iteration (i.e., S1 and S5).

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