5. Conclusions and prospects
JAK/STAT signaling is getting more recognition in its vital role in cell growth, survival, development, and differentiation of immune and epithelial cells. And multiple JAK inhibitors have been approved for treating inflammation disease. Recent studies about JAK inhibitors for treating COVID-related ARDS, present the possibility of JAK/STAT in pharmacotherapeutic ARDS. This review summarized the corresponds of JAK/STAT and ARDS, expounded the JAK inhibitor’s research status in treating ARDS and discussed the future trends in design and strategy of JAK inhibitors. The mechanism of ARDS is complex. Although it has passed decades from the ARDS was first defined, there is sincerely any progress in the therapeutic pharmacy of ARDS. Based on the current findings, JAK/STAT is probably to be an outbreak in this field.
JAK/STAT is critical in the signal transduction of many important inflammation cytokines which play a vital role in ARDS ”cytokine storm”. JAK/STAT is also participated in the epithelial homeostasis and pulmonary physiopathology. As JAK inhibitors is starting its clinical trials in ARDS, there are also many items to be considered. To continue to expand JAK inhibitors usage, there is a need for further development and refinement of efficient selective JAK inhibitors. In different type and cause of ARDS, JAK inhibitors may have different pharmacological effects. We also need more studies to find out the outcome of JAK inhibitors in different stage of ARDS and how many diagnose indicators are ameliorated in the progress.
Additionally, the canonical and non-canonical JAK/STAT signaling and their role in the ARDS is looking forward to be fully revealed to discover novel targets of ARDS. It also prompts investigation of understudying the JAK/STAT role in pulmonary pathophysiology and promote the therapy of other pulmonary diseases.