We searched Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate Plc) by topic
(i.e., abstracts, keywords, and titles) using the following Boolean
search string: (((((((((TS=(occupancy)) OR TS=(N-mixture)) OR
TS=(multi-state)) OR TS=(”multi state”)) OR TS=(multi-scale)) OR
TS=(”multi scale”)) OR TS=(abundance)) OR TS=(co-occupancy)) OR
TS=(co-occurrence )) AND TS=(hierarchical). The search was limited to
the following citation topics: Zoology & Animal Ecology, Entomology,
Marine Biology, Soil Science, Zoonotic Diseases, Phylogenetics &
Genomics, Sustainability Science, Environmental Sciences, Climate
Change, Statistical Methods, Applied Statistics & Probability.
Articles were screened by a researcher and considered relevant if they
applied hierarchical modeling for the analysis of ecological data (i.e.,
model occupancy/abundance and detection probability of at least one
species) and used observational data. Studies that exclusively used
simulation data were excluded after confirmation by a second researcher.
When disagreement occurred, consensus was reached through discussions
between the authors or referral to a third researcher. The search
yielded 5322, articles of which 4654 did not fit the criteria listed
above, resulting in a database of 668 articles focused on applied
hierarchical modeling.