Design and study population
This was a multicenter cross-sectional study including all singleton livebirths between 24+0 and 41+6weeks of gestational age occurring in ten obstetric centers from four Latin American countries (Colombia, Peru, Mexico, and Chile) between January 2017 and December 2018. Participating centers included 1) ESE Clínica de Maternidad Rafael Calvo (Colombia) (n=11009); 2) Clínica Santa Cruz de Bocagrande (Colombia) (n=6264); 3) ESE Hospital Local Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) (n=641); 4) ESE Hospital la Divina Misericordia (Colombia) (n=4526); 5) Clínica Versalles (Colombia) (n=16976); 6) Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá (Colombia) (n=869); 7) Hospital Materno Nacional San Bartolomé de Lima (Perú) (n=11182); 8) Instituto Mexicano Seguro Social (Hospital General de Zona N014, Unidad de Quemados, Hermosillo, México) (n=4,799); 9) Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile (Chile) (n=1705) and 10) Clínica Dávila (Chile) (n=9997). The exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) stillbirth; 2) missing data on birth weight, gestational age, infant sex, or maternal country of birth; 3) birth weight below 500 grams; and 4) multiple gestation.